已有多个权威研究表明:
合理膳食能缓解多种中风高危因素
例如高血压、肥胖、高脂血症、糖尿病等
从而降低中风风险
大家可以根据自己习惯
调整下面的膳食指导:
1、降低钠盐摄入,增加钾盐摄取:
减少钠摄入有利于降低血压
减少中风风险
建议钠盐每日摄入≤5g
2、每天脂肪摄入
应小于总热量30%
蔬菜可进食400-500g
蛋白肉类可摄入120-200g
3、糖分摄入
建议每天<50g
25g以内更佳
《中国脑卒中防治指导规范(2021)》提到:
经常吸烟是导致中风的危险因素
多项研究也证明
吸烟让缺血性中风的危险性提高了90%
吸烟次数越多
中风的风险越高
因此
戒烟是恢复心血管健康
必不可少的方式
同时
应尽可能控制酒精的摄入
有研究表明
每周酒精摄入超过 300g即为大量饮酒
可增加脑卒中发病风险
如果不可避免需要喝
则需控制饮酒量
江苏省疾控研究表明:
中等强度的体力活动
对轻度中风的预防效果最好
低等强度其次
高强度基本没有
例如
比起有快速骑车习惯的人(中等强度)
习惯低活动强度者
其缺血性中风的风险高出35%
大家可以自己条件选择
如骑车、步行、跳舞或做家务活等
都是不错的中等强度运动
不论采取什么措施
定期检查各项指标
及时了解自己的健康状况
才是最好的预防方法
一般检查脑卒中的项目包括:
·BMI、血压、血糖、血脂
·脑血管超声+颈动脉超声
·心电图和超声心动图
对于血脂超过临界值的患者
以胆固醇升高、低密度脂蛋白为主
可用他汀类药物
甘油三酯升高
可用贝特类药物
如果危险因素没有控制达标
或者发现自己或他人有不对劲现象
可通过国际公认的中风自检法“120法则”进行自检
并立即送医
如果不幸突发中风
应先及时去医院就诊
医生会根据患者情况
给出不同治疗方案
包括一般治疗、药物治疗和手术治疗
#谣零零计划#
参考资料:
[1]耿候跃,范习康,苏健,覃玉,周金意,陶然.体力活动预防脑卒中研究进展[J]江苏预防医学,2022.(第33期)
[2]中国卒中报告2020
[3]梁运银,施永瑛,甘小燕.社区膳食指导对原发性高血压患者药物控制血压效果以及生活质量的影响[J]内科.2019(第14期)
[4]张丽.活血化瘀药治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床效果观察[J]临床合理用药.2017(第12期).
[5]童素梅,魏豫东,林淦,姬萍.单纯饮食控制对高脂血症患者血脂影响的研究[J].中华护理杂志,2008,(第2期).
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