作者：o0Mirage0o
前言
如今在IPv4地址资源严重不足的情况下，大家都处于大内网环境中，而且也不是人人都能申请公网IP，这便限制了我们很多乐趣。
好在，现在IPv6越来越普及，各大运营商都默认开通了IPv6，并且只要能分配到IPv6的设备，就是一个公网IP，既然是公网IP就可以通过外网直接访问，这样一来咱们必须得好好利用起来，不然开启了IPv6的意义何在？
具体来说，就是人没在家，可以通过外面的网络，直接访问到家中路由、NAS、Homeassistant等等设备，远程控制，岂不美哉。
先决条件（重要）
很多小伙伴会出现：开启了IPv6，但还是无法在外网通过IPv6地址访问家中设备的情况，这就是家里某个网关防火墙，或者端口转发的问题了。因此，布置并设置好家里的各个网关是很关键的。
下面，梳理一下几种常见家庭网络布局，并说说如何才能达到目的：
1、光猫拨号---硬路由做主路由；
2、光猫拨号---OpenWrt做主路由---硬路由做子路由；
以上的情况都不推荐，因为这样，光猫其实也充当了路由器的作用，外部数据会先进入光猫再由光猫发给路由器。想要访问家中设备，需要光猫的防火墙放行IPv6入站请求，先不说很多光猫都不支持，就算能支持，到了主路由以后也需要主路由防火墙能放行IPv6入站请求。
3、光猫桥接---硬路由做主路由---OpenWrt做子路由或旁路由
这种情况需要确保硬路由的防火墙能放行IPv6入站请求或者硬路由支持IPv6端口转发，否则依然无法通过公网IPv6访问到家中设备，现在市面上中高端路由器一般都默认关闭了IPv6防火墙，还是很容易就能实现咱的目的。
4、光猫桥接---OpenWrt做主路由---硬路由做中继只负责家中WIFI
我家就是这样布置的，只需要配置OpenWrt就能达到目的。当然，OpenWrt作为主路由的情况下需要确保其不关机，不然你不在家的时候，你家里人用不了网。
综上所述，想实现通过IPv6访问家中设备，先决条件为以下几点：
光猫桥接，大部分光猫可以通过拨打宽带运营商电话，让客服远程修改桥接模式。
硬路由作为主路由的情况下，确保你的硬路由防火墙能放行IPv6入站请求，或者硬路由支持IPv6端口转发。
OpenWrt作为主路由的情况下，需要将硬路由改为中继模式，并且关闭DHCP，不然会出现主路由下设备无法访问子路由下设备的情况。
本文将介绍OpenWrt作为主路由时，如何开启IPv6，并在开启后，通过两种方法实现外网访问家中设备。
开启IPv6
接口 --- LAN
接口 --- IPV6
接口 --- WAN
当OpenWrt为子路由或旁路由时，不用配置WAN口，可以跳过本步骤。
接口 --- WAN6
当OpenWrt为子路由或旁路由时，不用配置WAN6口，可以跳过本步骤。
DHCP设置
防火墙
通过以上配置，OpenWrt中已成功开启了IPv6，可以在网络---接口中查看：
上图可见，红框中分别是WAN6、LAN、IPV6这几个接口获取到的公网IPv6地址。
我一般使用IPV6接口获取到的地址来用。
电信ipv6是240e开头的。
移动ipv6是2409开头的。
联通ipv6是2408开头的。
电脑开启IPv6
通过IPv6地址访问OpenWrt
下面我们尝试使用IPv6地址直接访问试试看，在浏览器中打开：
注意，需要用中括号“[]”包裹住你的IPv6地址。
但是，各位请试试，在手机上关闭WIFI，使用移动网络，访问你的IPv6地址。。。极有可能是无法访问状态，不必担心，下面介绍两种解决方案。
一、配置防火墙（不推荐）
完成后记得重启OpenWrt。
通过配置防火墙的接受入站、以及接受转发即可实现通过公网IPv6访问了，但是这样设置的话会接收全部入站请求和转发，将你所有能获取到IPv6的设备全部暴露在公网，很不安全，所以不推荐。
二、通过软件Lucky配置端口转发
这款软件支持IPv6&4端口转发、IPv6&4 动态域名、自动配置防火墙规则、网络唤醒等服务，常用的工具可以在一个软件中实现，还是比较不错的。
当然，还可以通过ssh链接OpenWrt使用命令行编辑防火墙规则，这个对普通人不太友好，后面有需要的话再出一篇文章介绍。
效果
到这里，就完成了开启Ipv6并配置端口转发，成功从外网访问到家中设备。
可是还有问题，公网IPv6地址每隔一段时间或者重启路由器就会发生变化。一旦改变，我们又身在外面时，原来保存的地址也就无法访问了。
这时就需要使用ddns工具，实时的将我们的IPv6地址解析到域名。 然后我们直接访问域名就好。
DDNS绑定IPv6
首先需要有一个自己的域名，免费的域名挺多，但是会有一些限制，不介意的小伙伴的可以自己去申请。
或者在阿里云、腾讯云、新网、万网这些平台购买一个域名，并且备案。价格也不贵，最便宜的也才几块钱一年。但是需要注意的是购买域名的时候一定要确认你的域名是否支持备案！
下面以阿里云的域名为例：
获取accessKeyId和accesssKeySecret
先登录阿里云控制台，然后：
解析设置
设置ddns
设置完成后，通过域名访问试试：
这是路由器默认禁止80端口的访问，想要开启的话，
需要使用ssh登录OpenWrt，然后修改 vi /etc/config/uhttpd 文件，
将option rfc1918_filter 1改为option rfc1918_filter 0，保存后即可。
但是不推荐开启，个人比较倾向于使用别的端口进行转发。
对各个服务进行端口转发设置
最终效果
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in one 家庭服务中心 篇六：OpenWrt开启IPv6，并实现通过外网访问家庭服务中的NAS、HomeAssistant、OpenWRT等设备
离府祁724想桥接路由器,主路由不开DHCP,副路由器可以桥接吗? -
杜健悦18250174836 ______ 当然可以,主路由开DHCP,副的要关
离府祁724不关闭DHPC可以桥接成功吗? -
杜健悦18250174836 ______ 不关闭也是可以的,只要把DHCP设置与主路由器DHCP设置一致就可以了.只是相比起来,关闭更方便直接.
离府祁724网桥和网桥连接,接收端的无线路由器的DHCP服务器可不可以不关! -
杜健悦18250174836 ______ 完全可以不关掉,但是为了避免分配地址时出现冲突,应注意将DHCP服务器的“地址池”设置为不重合,这样就OK了.顺便说一句,我家里三个路由器组成一个无线局域网(WDS方式),每个路由器的DHCP都是打开的,A路由器地址池设置成如:192.168.1.100 ~ 192.168.1.130;B路由器设置成192.168.1.131 ~ 192.168.1.150;C路由器设置成192.168.1.151 ~ 192.168.1.180
离府祁724接桥时候副路由器必须关闭DHCP -
杜健悦18250174836 ______ 看你是怎么接法,二级路由器接法要开启DHCP,交换机接法要关闭.
离府祁724想要桥接,但是第二个路由器设置页面没有dhcp,怎么关闭dhcp? -
杜健悦18250174836 ______ 副路由器关闭DHCP后,本身成了交换机,只能当分线器使用,当然不能再设置.
离府祁724无线路由桥接电信光猫 会的来 一会加分
杜健悦18250174836 ______ 无线桥接的话应该关闭水星的DHCP,(不然有冲突,获得到水星IP段无法上网)连接水星自动获取光猫的IP段才对,只有需要配置和访问水星的时候手动设置水星的IP段然后访问并配置 如果既想可以访问到光猫,又能访问到水星,就把水星的默认网关设置为192.168.1.*的段,不要和光猫1.1冲突,设置在DHCP地址外的IP
离府祁724副路由老是掉线! -
杜健悦18250174836 ______ 可以试试把副路由设置成repeater(中继模式),无线连接主路由,同时关掉它的DHCP看看稳定性有没有改善. 相当于放大主路由的信号. 个人感觉光猫-主路由-副路由这种全有线连接的方式,有点奇怪,除非你家特别大. 你副路由虽然有自己的IP地址但需要注意的是,许多品牌副路由在开启自动DHCP模式的情况下,会优先使用主路由分给它的IP地址(也就是说,这个设备在主路由里面的ip并不是你说的设置的那个),这种情况下副路由是很容易因为与主路由的设备IP冲突导致掉线的. 几乎可以肯定是DHCP的锅.
离府祁724一个路由器和其他无线信号桥接后,需要关闭本台dhcp吗!wa口空着,还需要设置吗 -
杜健悦18250174836 ______ 关闭DHCP是为了防止IP冲突,如果两个DHCP设置合理也可以不用关闭.
离府祁724无线桥接失败让检查主路由dhcp 请问这个路由怎么开启dhcp服务器 -
杜健悦18250174836 ______ 设置重点 1:A(主路由器)和B(副路由器)2个路由器的IP最终要设置为同段不同IP,比如A是192.168.1.1 则B为192.168.1.2 B路由器最好在A的DHCP服务分配地址范围之外,比如A的DHCP范围是192.168.1.100-192.168.1.200 .则前面B为192.168.1.2 符合要求,避免冲突. 2:无线信道,信道带宽,无线安全,加密算法,要一样 3:B路由器最后要关闭DHCP服务. 先设置好A,能上网,参数固定.再设置B.
离府祁724无线光猫与TPLINK路由器链接时取消DHCP服务器是干嘛的 -
杜健悦18250174836 ______ 猫------tplink ------pc1 ------pc2 不用取消dhcp, pc1, pc2也能够正常上网. 他取消dhcp是不是根据一项原则: 路由器间互联尽量不出现或者禁止DHCP分配地址的行为. 你可以问问他是不是这个原则在起作用. 原因:DHCP, dynamic host configration protocol. H---Host,主机. 不是路由器. 也就是说DHCP标准上来讲,是仅仅为主机分配IP地址的协议.