专题06 机械能守恒定律 能量守恒定律

目 录

01机械能转化及守恒的判断 2

考向一：机械能转化及守恒的判断 2

02 机械能守恒定律的应用 7

考向一：机械能的图像类问题 7

考向二：单个物体的机械能守恒 15

考向三：多个物体(系统)的机械能守恒 18

03能量转化及守恒定律的综合应用 20

考向一：能量转化及守恒定律的综合应用 20

考向四：涉及弹簧的能量问题 22

考向二：涉及板块、传送带的能量问题 33

01机械能转化及守恒的判断

考向一：机械能转化及守恒的判断

1．（2023·浙江·高考真题）一位游客正在体验蹦极，绑上蹦极专用的橡皮绳后从跳台纵身而下。游客从跳台下落直到最低点过程中（ ）

A．弹性势能减小 B．重力势能减小

C．机械能保持不变 D．绳一绷紧动能就开始减小

3．（2022·浙江·高考真题）神舟十三号飞船采用“快速返回技术”，在近地轨道上，返回舱脱离天和核心舱，在圆轨道环绕并择机返回地面。则（ ）

A．天和核心舱所处的圆轨道距地面高度越高，环绕速度越大

B．返回舱中的宇航员处于失重状态，不受地球的引力

C．质量不同的返回舱与天和核心舱可以在同一轨道运行

D．返回舱穿越大气层返回地面过程中，机械能守恒

5．（2021·浙江·高考真题）如图所示，同学们坐在相同的轮胎上，从倾角相同的平直雪道先后由同高度静止滑下，各轮胎与雪道间的动摩擦因数均相同，不计空气阻力。雪道上的同学们（ ）

A．沿雪道做匀速直线运动 B．下滑过程中机械能均守恒

C．前后间的距离随时间不断增大 D．所受重力沿雪道向下的分力相同

7．（2024·广东江门·统考模拟预测）蹦极是一项非常刺激的体育项目，而“反向蹦极”是一项比蹦极更加刺激的运动。如图所示，弹性轻绳上端固定在P点，下端固定在玩家的身上并向下拉长与固定在地面上的安全扣环相连。打开安全扣环后，玩家从c点开始由静止释放，像“火箭发射一般竖直向上运动”，上升到b点时速度最大，轻绳在a点为原长位置，玩家到达的最高点在P与a之间，不计空气阻力，下列说法正确的是（ ）

A．人在c到a运动过程中都做加速运动

B．人在c到b运动过程中做加速度减小的加速运动

C．在整个运动过程中，玩家的机械能守恒

D．人在b到最高点的运动过程中，玩家处于超重状态

8．（2024·广东惠州·统考二模）2023年10月3日，在杭州亚运会蹦床项目女子决赛中，中国选手朱雪莹夺冠，图为朱雪莹在东京奥运会上决赛时腾空后下落的照片，朱雪莹从刚接触床面到运动至最低点的过程中，下列说法正确的是（ ）

A．朱雪莹刚接触床面时速度最大

B．朱雪莹在该过程中始终处于失重状态

C．在该过程中朱雪莹的动能减少量等于弹性势能的增加量

D．在该过程中蹦床对朱雪莹一直做负功

","gnid":"92a793c603fceb787","img_data":[{"flag":2,"img":[{"desc":"","height":1048,"title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01c4b4c9f460a5aaad.jpg","width":1252},{"desc":"","height":"1050","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t014faa2f5ed0cb2bf4.jpg","width":"200"},{"desc":"","height":"3035","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0125bd1f0b292e6e99.jpg","width":"2500"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01985e0941256515ce.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f4cb161ab5851771.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01b5cab6935b7ec8d2.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01812ad4c0ff3ea8a2.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01eaeb29ea2894ace1.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01fbdcb2f4d9bfd124.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0193684fe47b19036a.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01822f9542b752fab7.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t016400bbd60fade815.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0117b11fc0496e70f6.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t012afd38ff3006faea.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01c8b96ede533239d2.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0159608dfef171d431.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f4eea2e0b4e5b877.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0162c013c95eb07821.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0149b09ea8edebb99d.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t018e53be82f7bd4f2c.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f49f9f0a9f121f1d.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f3018ef862b383ee.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01d377290c05432534.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t013a0f280c9424ece9.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01e6b1cda568243f28.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0183042969e89747c6.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t012f5f4d4f082fdf81.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01ea74f68fc5269f9e.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t010b1ce985a93dddd3.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0126ed5a915ec84250.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t016937588bcb8bce6c.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0125c318890bf0bce4.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t012a40acaee380eac6.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01398cb3c2341de903.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t012500e69a27551374.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t010c95b4940fe55c01.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0131f6933a3654cd43.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0127d7c4e838adb3b0.jpg","width":"794"},{"desc":"","height":"1123","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t018947c0879df096fc.jpg","width":"794"}]}],"original":0,"pat":"art_src_3,fts0,sts0","powerby":"pika","pub_time":1710284700000,"pure":"","rawurl":"http://zm.news.so.com/d3fe18246e2c94f2298ca0a7cc1bae69","redirect":0,"rptid":"5093f312b2310452","rss_ext":[],"s":"t","src":"二马学习资料库","tag":[{"clk":"kscience_1:空气阻力","k":"空气阻力","u":""},{"clk":"kscience_1:高考","k":"高考","u":""}],"title":"高考物理总复习 专题06 机械能守恒定律 能量守恒定律

聂居褚4736在光滑水平面上匀速运动的物体,重力对它做功吗 -
程熊蝶17278608430 ______ 不做功.只有在沿着力的方向上发生运动,这个力才会做功.平面上移zhidao动的物体,移动方向垂直于重力,在重力的方向内上,没有任何移动的分量,也就是高度未发生任何变化,所以重力不做功.光滑水平面,意味着摩擦系数为零,也不存在摩擦力做功.物体会在光滑水平面上保持匀速容运动,不施加其他外力不会停止.

聂居褚4736能量守恒定律的变量是否一定?
程熊蝶17278608430 ______ 物理号称无理,目前研究情况下,该定律是正确的,你肯定得按书本上的先学和考试,未来就不知道了,也许,未来能发现真空不是空的,是有什么真空潮汐和真空能量呢?现在研究物理不是平常小民可以研究的,没有大量金钱和机器不可能有结果的.

聂居褚4736海岛奇兵里的神像铲除后能量粉末回退还吗,我的神像加成能量粉末到了?
程熊蝶17278608430 ______ 呵呵这个是退不回来的所以等到它粉末能量结束为止吧希望对您有帮助!

聂居褚4736能量可以从能量少的物体向能量多的物体转换吗
程熊蝶17278608430 ______ 可以,但是要通过做功来实现

聂居褚4736一切物体都具有波动性吗?是必须是运动的物体才有波动性的吗? -
程熊蝶17278608430 ______ 所有的物体都有波动性,人也不例外

聂居褚4736得了白癜风可以跳远运动吗 - 寻医问药网 - xywy.com
程熊蝶17278608430 ______ 白癜风注意事项中重要一点是患者要保持良好的精神状态,白癜风患者心态要乐观,避免精神压力过,如遇不良情绪要及早调节,以一个良好的心情接受治疗,这样有利于病情的康复.?加强体育锻炼.白癜风患者要经常进行一些体育活动,保持健康的体质,促使全身血液循环,提高自身的免疫能力.

聂居褚4736[物理]电势能属于机械能吗??
程熊蝶17278608430 ______ 不属于,动能和势能属于机械能

聂居褚4736电势能属于机械能吗?
程熊蝶17278608430 ______ 当某一个带电粒子在电场中运动时 且只受电场力作用 此时粒子具有的电势能和动能之和不变 即机械能守恒 所以电势能属于机械能 至于楼上各位所说 不敢苟同

聂居褚4736人再运动中是属于机械能?还是属于动能? -
程熊蝶17278608430 ______ 人在运动中是属于机械能.比如跳高,往上时是动能,往下则是势能.

聂居褚4736动能属于内能吗 -
程熊蝶17278608430 ______ 要看情况了 假如是物体的动能,则属于机械能,不是内能. 但如果是分子(或原子)等微观粒子的动能,则属于物体的内能,同时属于分子的机械能.