本文转自：人民网-吉林频道

走进吉林省博物院

走近西兰卡普织锦里的土家族

翻开历史卷轴

解锁毕兹卡密码

一部没有文字的史诗

究竟是什么样呢？

毕兹卡·服饰和首饰

土家族人自称“毕兹卡”，即“本地人”或“土生土长的人”。那他们和我们有什么不同呢？这场展览将会告诉你答案。

在服饰方面，土家人尚俭朴，喜宽松。传统衣料多为自织自纺的青蓝色土布或麻布，史书上称为“溪布”“峒布”。

展览中展示了土家族的童装、男装和女装，你还可以清晰地看到它们的变迁史。

在首饰方面，土家族百姓特别看重首饰，将其视为吉祥、光明、美丽和富有的象征。其首饰以银器为主，次为玉器、铜器、金器。

展览中有各式各样的首饰让你一睹为快。

西兰卡普·织物成锦

“西兰卡普” 在土家语中意为“花铺盖”，即睡觉用的被盖，是一种土家族的传统织锦，为中国五大织锦之一，被列入国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录。我们一起去欣赏一下吧！

土家族是没有文字的民族，便用织锦图案将土家族的历史文化、生活习俗、崇拜信仰等记录下来，西兰卡普就犹如一部无字的民族史诗。展览中展示了很多能了解其文化、习俗等的织锦。

这里还能看到织锦的材料和工具，透露着古老的智慧。

西兰卡普·信仰的传承

西兰卡普以丰富的图纹记载着民族文明的历史进程。土家先民经过了万物有灵、图腾崇拜和巫术信仰的演变阶段，最终由原始宗教信仰发展为多元崇拜。

展览中还展示了丰富的织锦图案记录下的土家族的故事，帮助大家了解土家族的信仰的传承。

西兰卡普·自然的颂赞

织绣是土家女性承载理想、抒发情感和寄托期盼的表达方式之一。在土家女性的眼中，世界是花的世界，动物是花、植物是花、 日月星辰是花，生活中的一切都是花。

她们用单纯的方式感知世界，用淳朴的审美装点生活，用美丽的图样表达着对自然的颂赞。我们一起感受土家女性眼中的“花花世界”吧！

西兰卡普·多彩的生活

土家人世世代代生活在山区，生活方式与自然环境有着密切的关系。生活习俗、劳作、收舞、祭祀……都反映了与自然环境密切相关的原始性和丰富性。

那织锦中的土家族生活又会是什么样的呢，我们一起去看看吧！

观展后记

原来没有文字也能“书写”历史，原来西兰卡普织锦如此闪耀璀璨，原来土家族的故事这样精彩。

在观展后你还可以在观众留言簿上留言，记录下你观展后的感受。

合上历史的卷轴

品味土家族的故事

感受西兰卡普织锦的魅力

接力民族文化传承

我的毕兹卡密码已输入

现在到你了

（来源：悠游吉林）

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