上世纪50年代，日本汽车工业发展越来越迅猛，众多几个日本汽车大品牌开始瞄准了世界更大的市场。作为全球最大的汽车市场，当时美国的跑车基本被欧洲品牌和美国本土品牌所垄断。适逢20世纪70年代美国发生金融危机和石油危机等问题，让大排量美式肌肉车逐渐走下坡。就在这时，日产公司认为，这是进军海外市场的好时机，但当时的美国市场根本瞧不起日本家用车，于是当年日产北美地区的负责人Yutaka Katayama（片山丰）想到了开发平民GT跑车，并在1965获得总部批准，开启了代号为Z的计划，使用排在拉丁字母最后一位的Z，象征着背水一战。

日产公司选择采用名下的Datsun（达特桑）品牌向北美市场进军，原因可能是想与日产给美国人的固有形象作区分。Datsun其实是日产公司在1932所生产的一款小型车的名字，但经历了几十年的更新换代Datsun已经成为了一个系列的品牌。而Datsun在日语中的含义就是:快如脱兔的意思。

由于当年日产公司在北美市场根本没有多少名气，片山丰决定要为Datsun设计出一款新型的跑车，该车要拥有时尚、创新、高性能和相对低廉价格以及能和其它车型共用零配件的特点，于是在1966年便开始建造粘土模型了，该车名为Fairlady Z，车型代号S30。

1969年的10月，Datsun首款跑车也就是Fairlady Z正式进入美国市场，虽然这款跑车拥有令人心动的流线型外观，实用可靠，并且拥有强劲的性能和低廉的价格。但Fairlady（淑女）的名字成了各大厂商的笑柄，甚至传媒所报道，于是Datsun北美负责人便要求所有的经销商们把Fairlady Z统称为240Z。

但很快240Z凭借着真正的实力让所有嘲笑变为了衷心赞叹，240Z在北美风靡一时，成功让世界认识到日本跑车，240Z在9年的生产过程中，总共售出了16万辆，成为全球销量最高的跑车。同时Fairlady Z系列也是日产最成功的跑车车型，从第一代至第五代合共计销售了1，685，000辆之多。

初代的240Z成功的原因之一是其拥有优美的外形，有人评价像捷豹的E-type或者法拉利275GTB，但其实240Z的设计是由日本的设计师Yoshihiko Matsuo一手包办的，根据当时欧美市场喜爱的欧洲跑车风格打造，成就了一代经典。今天看来，240Z的身材比例虽然与当年的欧洲跑车类似，但线条还是非常具有自身特色的，难怪成为了经典。

为了应对美国市场对排量和马力的需求，240Z没有采用日版Fairlady Z的L20发动机，而是采用马力更大的L24单顶凸轮轴2.4升直列6缸发动机，马力达到了151匹，扭力20.2公斤.米，匹配4速的手动变速箱或者3速的自动变速箱，车重仅为1068公斤，0-60英里/小时加速时间为8秒，极速可达201.2KM/H。采用前置后驱布局，采用前麦弗逊独立悬挂，后普曼支柱式独立悬挂，配备了防倾杆，虽然绝对马力比不上欧洲跑车，但胜在弯道灵活，操控自如，关键是当年售价仅为3500美元，远低于同时期欧美跑车。

1973年，同时S30底盘，日产将240Z升级到260Z，并且在1974年追加了2+2版本的车型。260Z车型顾名思义就是搭载了一台2.6升的直列6缸发动机，采用新的配气机构和新的化油器，能输出162匹的马力和21公斤.米的扭力，匹配有4速自动或5速手动变速箱。底盘方面也获得了强化，刹车采用前碟后鼓自动。

1975年，日产对S30继续优化，推出280Z，发动机排量提升到2.8升，采用了博世的L-Jetronic燃油喷射系统，输出马力为170匹，匹配5速手动或者5速自动变速箱。

280Z一直生产至1978年，在1978年底被底盘代号为S130的第二代Fairlady Z，也就是280ZX所取代。

如今，一台精品的Datsun 240Z二手车要价可以高达30万美元（约合人民币209万左右），这足以证明这车在世界车坛上的地位。

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