专题08 力学中三大观点的综合应用

目录

01动量与能量观点的综合应用 2

考向一 子弹打木块 滑块与滑板 滑块与弹簧类问题 2

02 力学三大观点的综合应用 10

考向一 力学三大观点的综合应用 10

01动量与能量观点的综合应用

考向一子弹打木块 滑块与滑板滑块与弹簧类问题

4．（2023·山东潍坊·统考模拟预测）（多选）如图所示，劲度系数为k的轻弹簧下端悬挂一质量为M的托盘，处于静止状态。现将一质量为m的粘性小球自距盘面高度为h处无初速释放，与盘发生碰撞后未反弹，碰撞时间极短。不计空气阻力，重力加速度为g，运动过程中弹簧始终处于弹性限度内。下列说法中正确的是（ ）

5．（2023·四川攀枝花·统考一模）（多选）如图所示，滑块A、B用轻质弹簧连接后静止在光滑水平面上，滑块A与左侧竖直固定挡板接触。现对滑块B施加一水平推力F使滑块B问左缓慢运动到某一位置后保持静止，一段时间后撤去推力F。弹簧始终处于弹性限度内，关于弹簧和滑块A、B，下列说法中正确的是（ ）

A．推力F做的功等于弹簧增加的弹性势能

B．当弹簧恢复原长时，滑块A开始离开挡板

C．从撤去推力F到滑块A离开挡板的过程中，弹簧和滑块A、B组成的系统动量守恒

D．从滑块A离开挡板到滑块A、B共速的过程中弹簧对A、B两滑块做功的大小相等

11．（2023·黑龙江·校联考模拟预测）如图甲所示，在光滑水平面上静止的小物块A和长木板B质量均为m=2kg，小物块A位于长木板B的左端，二者之间的动摩擦因数μ=0.1。t=0时刻小物块A获得水平向右、大小为v0=7m/s的初速度，同时给小物块A施加如图乙所示的水平向右的作用力。5s时长木板B与其右侧竖直挡板发生第1次碰撞。5s后撤去小物块A所受的水平作用力，最终小物块A没有从长木板B上滑下。长木板B与竖直挡板的碰撞均为弹性碰撞，碰撞时间极短，碰后长木板B的速度大小不变，方向相反。重力加速度g取10m/s2，求：

（1）0~5s内水平作用力的冲量大小；

（2）t=0时刻长木板B右侧与竖直挡板的距离；

（3）长木板B与竖直挡板第2次碰撞前的速度大小，并通过计算分析是否会发生第3次碰撞。

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专题08 力学中三大观点的综合应用

仲疤林3783什么是劲度系数 -
郭程诸13860644096 ______ 劲度系数就是F=Kx 胡克定律 在弹性限度内,弹簧的弹力和弹簧的形变量(伸长或压缩值)成正比.写作: F=k·x 其中:“F”,表示弹簧的弹力,弹力是弹簧发生形变时对施力物的作用力. “x”,是弹簧伸长或缩短的长度,注意“x”是以弹簧无形变时的长度为基准,即x=x'-x0或x=x0-x'. “k”,叫弹簧的劲度系数,它描述单位形变量时所产生弹力的大小,k值大,说明形变单位长时需要的力大,或者说弹簧“硬”.k跟弹簧材料、长短、粗细等都有关系.k的国际单位是牛/米. 如果将几个同样的弹簧串联或并联起来后,这个新的弹簧的劲度系数不再是原来的劲度系数.

仲疤林3783劲度系数越大的弹簧,产生的弹力越大.这句话对吗?说明理由 -
郭程诸13860644096 ______ F=kx 可见,弹力不仅与劲度系数有关,还与弹性形变的量有关.只有在弹性形变的量是定值的时候,劲度系数越大的弹簧产生的弹力才是越大.

仲疤林37831.在弹簧粗细相同的情况下,是不是弹簧越长,它的量程越大?(如有不足请补充)2.弹簧的劲度系数是由什么决定?一根弹簧中任何一段弹簧的劲度系数都... -
郭程诸13860644096 ______[答案] 2 弹簧的进度系数是由弹簧本身决定的 3 是

仲疤林3783弹簧的劲度系数到底是什么啊 -
郭程诸13860644096 ______ 弹簧的劲度系数是弹簧本身的一种物理性质.你所说的错误.根据胡克定律:F=KX的关系给你个例子:设想一个弹簧本来长度为L,当挂上一个重为G的重物时伸长了x,显然这个弹簧的劲度系数k=G/x把这个弹簧剪断为两个弹簧,每个弹簧的长度...

仲疤林3783弹簧劲度系数与哪些因素有关? -
郭程诸13860644096 ______[答案] 在弹性限度内,k为劲度系数,表示弹簧的一种属性, 它的数值与弹簧的材料,弹簧丝的粗细,弹簧圈的直径,单位长度的匝数及弹簧的原长有关.在其他条件一定时弹簧越长,单位长度的匝数越多,k值越小. k还与温度有关,其他条件一定时,温度...

仲疤林3783关于劲度系数劲度系数是什么意思 -
郭程诸13860644096 ______ 劲度系数=弹力/长度的变化量 它的含义是:弹簧单位长度变化时弹簧产生的弹力

仲疤林3783劲度系数越大的弹簧,产生的弹力越大.这句话对吗?说明理由 -
郭程诸13860644096 ______[答案] F=kx 可见,弹力不仅与劲度系数有关,还与弹性形变的量有关. 只有在弹性形变的量是定值的时候,劲度系数越大的弹簧产生的弹力才是越大.

仲疤林3783影响弹簧劲度系数的因素能否详细地阐述劲度系数与弹簧的材料,弹簧丝的粗细,弹簧圈的直径,原长,匝数,温度之间的关系? -
郭程诸13860644096 ______[答案] 在弹性限度内,k为劲度系数,表示弹簧的一种属性, 它的数值与弹簧的材料,弹簧丝的粗细,弹簧圈的直径,单位长度的匝数及弹簧的原长有关.在其他条件一定时弹簧越长,单位长度的匝数越多,k值越小. k还与温度有关,其他条件一定时,温度...

仲疤林3783弹簧的量程 与劲度系数的关系?形变 3者的关系 -
郭程诸13860644096 ______[答案] f=kx,f为施加在弹簧上的力,k为劲度系数(越大则弹簧越难压),x为弹簧的形变量.弹簧的量程就是指在施加一定的力后,弹簧不至于损坏的那个力,如因力太大了就无法再回弹了.就这么简单!

仲疤林3783有关劲度系数同样材质的弹簧,弹簧原长越长,劲度系数也会成比例增加吗? -
郭程诸13860644096 ______[答案] 原弹簧可以看作两个“半弹簧”串接,设劲度系数为k1=k2,当原弹簧受力变形时,每个“半弹簧”变形量为x,则整个弹簧变形为2x.F=K(2x)=k1*x=k2*x,k1=k2=2K ,所以弹簧越长劲度系数成反比减少,即一弹簧长度是另一N倍时,劲度系数是其1/N倍