专题06 机械能守恒定律 能量守恒定律
目 录
01机械能转化及守恒的判断 2
考向一：机械能转化及守恒的判断 2
02 机械能守恒定律的应用 7
考向一：机械能的图像类问题 7
考向二：单个物体的机械能守恒 15
考向三：多个物体(系统)的机械能守恒 18
03能量转化及守恒定律的综合应用 20
考向一：能量转化及守恒定律的综合应用 20
考向四：涉及弹簧的能量问题 22
考向二：涉及板块、传送带的能量问题 33
01机械能转化及守恒的判断
考向一：机械能转化及守恒的判断
1．（2023·浙江·高考真题）一位游客正在体验蹦极，绑上蹦极专用的橡皮绳后从跳台纵身而下。游客从跳台下落直到最低点过程中（ ）
A．弹性势能减小 B．重力势能减小
C．机械能保持不变 D．绳一绷紧动能就开始减小
3．（2022·浙江·高考真题）神舟十三号飞船采用“快速返回技术”，在近地轨道上，返回舱脱离天和核心舱，在圆轨道环绕并择机返回地面。则（ ）
A．天和核心舱所处的圆轨道距地面高度越高，环绕速度越大
B．返回舱中的宇航员处于失重状态，不受地球的引力
C．质量不同的返回舱与天和核心舱可以在同一轨道运行
D．返回舱穿越大气层返回地面过程中，机械能守恒
5．（2021·浙江·高考真题）如图所示，同学们坐在相同的轮胎上，从倾角相同的平直雪道先后由同高度静止滑下，各轮胎与雪道间的动摩擦因数均相同，不计空气阻力。雪道上的同学们（ ）
A．沿雪道做匀速直线运动 B．下滑过程中机械能均守恒
C．前后间的距离随时间不断增大 D．所受重力沿雪道向下的分力相同
7．（2024·广东江门·统考模拟预测）蹦极是一项非常刺激的体育项目，而“反向蹦极”是一项比蹦极更加刺激的运动。如图所示，弹性轻绳上端固定在P点，下端固定在玩家的身上并向下拉长与固定在地面上的安全扣环相连。打开安全扣环后，玩家从c点开始由静止释放，像“火箭发射一般竖直向上运动”，上升到b点时速度最大，轻绳在a点为原长位置，玩家到达的最高点在P与a之间，不计空气阻力，下列说法正确的是（ ）
A．人在c到a运动过程中都做加速运动
B．人在c到b运动过程中做加速度减小的加速运动
C．在整个运动过程中，玩家的机械能守恒
D．人在b到最高点的运动过程中，玩家处于超重状态
8．（2024·广东惠州·统考二模）2023年10月3日，在杭州亚运会蹦床项目女子决赛中，中国选手朱雪莹夺冠，图为朱雪莹在东京奥运会上决赛时腾空后下落的照片，朱雪莹从刚接触床面到运动至最低点的过程中，下列说法正确的是（ ）
A．朱雪莹刚接触床面时速度最大
B．朱雪莹在该过程中始终处于失重状态
C．在该过程中朱雪莹的动能减少量等于弹性势能的增加量
D．在该过程中蹦床对朱雪莹一直做负功
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岑雯幸989机械能守恒的公式 -
别桂春19612444038 ______[答案] EK1+EP1=Ep2+Ek2
岑雯幸989机械能守恒定律公式 - 求机械能守恒定律的三个表达式,请求附上三道对应习题
别桂春19612444038 ______ 机械能守恒定律 【重点难点解析】 (图片看不到,可连接以下网址 本节重点是理解机械能守恒定律的内容,列出定律的数学表达公式.难点是在具体情况下,物体机械能...
岑雯幸989机械能守恒定律的理解 -
别桂春19612444038 ______ 三种情况都符合.势能包括重力势能和弹性势能.只有重力做功的时候,是重力势能和动能之间的转化.只有弹力做功的时候,是弹性势能和动能之间的转化;当重力和弹力同时做功时,势能和动能之间转化.
岑雯幸989高手给多提供些机械能守恒的公式啊!RT -
别桂春19612444038 ______[答案] 兄弟啊,机械能守恒的根公式 就是Ep1+Ek1=Ep2+Ek2 啊 只要做题时,多思考一下初动能和末动能, 简单的相加,再利用公式就能算出!了
岑雯幸989伯努利方程三种公式
别桂春19612444038 ______ 伯努利方程三种公式:p+ρgz+(1/2)*ρv^2=C.丹尼尔·伯努利在1726年提出了“伯努利原理”.这是在流体力学的连续介质理论方程建立之前,水力学所采用的基本原理,其实质是流体的机械能守恒.即:动能+重力势能+压力势能=常数.其最为著名的推论为:等高流动时,流速大,压力就小.需要注意的是,由于伯努利方程是由机械能守恒推导出的,所以它仅适用于粘度可以忽略、不可被压缩的理想流体.
岑雯幸989只有重力势能和动能转换的 机械能守恒公式 -
别桂春19612444038 ______ 你的式子是完全正确的.因为只有重力势能和动能之间转换,说明机械能守恒.机械能守恒的方程通常有两种方式:方式一:状态1的机械能等于状态2的机械能.(就是你写的方式) 方式二:动能的增加量等于重力势能增加量的负值.即 ΔEk=-ΔEp 或 (2位置的动能-1位置的动能)=-(2位置的 重力势能- 1位置 的重力势能)
岑雯幸989如何理解机械能守恒只适用于系统 -
别桂春19612444038 ______ 解,得; 机械能守恒条件的理解 1、从能量转化的角度看,只有系统内动能和势能相互转化,无其他形式能量之间(如内能)的转化. 2、从系统做功的角度看,只有重力和系统内的弹力做功,具体表现在: ①只受重力如:所有做抛体运动的物...
岑雯幸989机械能守恒定侓 -
别桂春19612444038 ______ 在只有重力或系统内弹力做功的物体系统内(或者不受其他外力的作用下),物体系统的动能和势能(包括重力势能和弹性势能)发生相互转化,但机械能的总量保持不变.这个规律叫做机械能守恒定律.机械能指的是宏观物质所表现出的势能(也称为位能)与动能的总和,也称为力学能.其数学表达式可以有以下两种形式:1.E机o=E机t(或mgho+1/2m(v o)^2=mght+1/2m(v t)^2)[这种形式必须先确定重力势能的参考平面]2.△Ek=△Ep
岑雯幸989做机械能守恒问题时怎么看动能、重力势能的正负 -
别桂春19612444038 ______[答案] 机械能=动能+重力势能+弹性势能机械能守恒的公式可有如下几种形式:(以下各式是没有弹簧时的情况,实际上机械能是包括弹簧弹性势能的)一、1状态的机械能等于2状态的机械能.E1=E2如:(m*V1^2 / 2)+mg*h1=(m...
岑雯幸989物理高一机械能守恒的有关详细公式与注意事项 -
别桂春19612444038 ______ 机械能:动能,重力势能,弹性势能的总称 总机械能:E=Ek+Ep 是标量 也具有相对性 机械能守恒定律: 只有重力或者弹力做功的情况下,物体的动能和重力势能 (或者弹性势能) 发生相互转化,则机械能保持不变 表达式: Ek1+Ep1=Ek2+...
