欲钱买一前一后的生肖
作为十二生肖之首的老鼠,其实也有可爱的一面。在民俗学中,老鼠是吉祥物,“仓鼠有余粮”寓意着生活的富足。在文人墨客的笔下,老鼠更是摆脱了“人人喊打”的骂名,化身为灵动可爱的代名词。
我们一起来看大师们笔下的“鼠趣图”吧!
宋·钱选
钱选《黠鼠图》
宋末元初的钱选是一位技法全面的画家,他的画大多笔势细腻,却又显得质朴和稚趣。他画的《黠鼠图》是目前我们所能见到的最早的一件画鼠作品。画中的老鼠正在偷食瓜果,每个老鼠的形态不一,笔触细腻,老鼠的狡黠形象跃于纸上。
明·朱瞻基
明宣宗朱瞻基《苦瓜鼠图》故宫博物院藏
明宣宗朱瞻基是明朝第五位皇帝。除了“仁宣之治”的政治贡献外,他还是一位杰出的书画家。这幅《苦瓜鼠图》创作于明朝宣德二年,即1427年。这一年,30岁的宣宗终于有了儿子。而立得子的他喜出望外,为了表达当时的心情,遂绘就这幅《苦瓜鼠图》。
整幅画中一个苦瓜,一只鼠,动静结合,趣味盎然。苦瓜有“多子”之意,而鼠在十二时辰中,正是子时。明宣宗用苦瓜和鼠两个意象,来表达自己得子后的喜悦,并寄托着希望未来多子的美好愿望。
明宣宗朱瞻基 《荔鼠图》
《荔鼠图》笔墨处理比较简洁,画面上鼠体居中,鼠眼正视,其尾水平略曲,重心稳定。鼠体之下,三荔三叶,间隔分布,红绿相间。
明宣宗朱瞻基《荔鼠图》
朱瞻基的鼠图是有意趣的写意画,他将机敏可爱的老鼠作为美好的艺术形象来描绘,使人忘记了鼠类可憎可怖的一面。
清·八大山人
八大山人(款)《瓜鼠图》日本泉屋博古馆藏
八大山人的画率性自然,个性十足又妙趣横生。《鼠瓜图》中,一只目光炯炯有神的小老鼠趴在一个大冬瓜上,一大一小,对比强烈,逗趣可爱。画家用豪迈的墨色渲染出小老鼠的身子与长长的尾巴,然后细笔勾勒出肚子、耳朵和鼻尖,更显示出画家率真的个性与随性的画风。
近现代·齐白石
《鼠趣图》
齐白石一生画了许多老鼠,其诙谐生趣的笔墨及打油诗,体现了他特有的幽默和调侃意味。至于他喜欢画鼠的原因,可以归结为以下几点:
《蜡烛与鼠》
自己属鼠
齐白石出生于1864年,那一年是鼠年。他一生画鼠无数,也因此得了个“鼠画家”的戏称。
《油灯猫鼠图》
调侃鼠辈
齐白石画鼠不仅仅只是为了好玩,也常常题诗画上,带着些许调侃,笔墨里既透着风趣幽默,又有着警醒世人的意味,令人深思、耐人寻味。
齐白石《自称》
《自称》画上方横一长秤杆,一端垂一铁秤砣,一端系一大秤钩,一只硕肥的鼠攀爬在秤钩上,得意洋洋地自称自个儿。这是一幅绝妙的水墨漫画。在生活中,我们经常碰到这样的人,把自己膨胀得很厉害,胡吹海侃,好像没有他,地球也不转了。其实一只可怜的老鼠,在秤钩上又有多少分量呢?
近现代·张大千
张大千《灯鼠图》
“小老鼠,上灯台,偷吃灯油下不来”。还记得这首朗朗上口的儿歌吗?张大千的《灯鼠图》中描绘的正是这样一只偷灯油的小老鼠。看,它正奋力地爬上灯台,前爪后爪一起用力,尾巴还在保持着平衡。画家运用娴熟的泼墨技法,笔触浓淡有致,几笔间勾勒出灯台与老鼠,极为生动,情趣盎然。
近现代·徐悲鸿
徐悲鸿《十二生肖册》之《老鼠》
徐悲鸿的《十二生肖册》之《老鼠》中,两只小老鼠一前一后,弓着身子,忽闪着两对大耳朵,圆溜溜的眼睛中透露着顽皮。在徐悲鸿的画笔下,两个小家伙好像动了起来,逼真的神态跃然纸上。
近现代·刘继卣
刘继卣《鼠图》
刘继卣被誉为“当代画圣”,“东方的伦勃朗和米盖朗基罗”,是近现代中国画家中少有的工笔白描、重彩、小写意、大写意俱能的画家,他以工笔人物画和写意走兽画的成就最为突出。他画的鼠图,寥寥几笔将老鼠的形态展现得淋漓尽致。
现代·黄永玉
《也不想一想,她为什么对你这么好》
黄永玉是个风趣幽默的老头儿,不管是他的文字,还是画,都让人感受到那充满情趣的生活态度。他笔下的鼠不光诙谐有趣,还极具讽刺意味,以鼠喻人,折射出社会中的人情世故。
《我丑我妈喜欢》
《猫给老鼠喂奶》
《我把老鼠夹子当健身器》
《我拿耗子药当早餐》
《耗子给猫当三陪,要钱不要命》
《无题》
《无题》
《金鼠》
《丰》
《丰衣足食好说,但要看谁丰衣足食,丰衣足食从哪里来的丰衣足食。》
现代·韩美林
韩美林说:“都说老鼠丑,但我不这么认为,艺术家要解决造型问题,最根本的是要善于发现形象的优点并加以造型表现。大家看美国迪士尼的米老鼠多可爱,我也觉得小老鼠那个光溜溜的小尾巴很好玩儿,所以我会怀抱这种友爱的心情去画出它们的可爱劲儿。”
上面的这幅画,是韩美林为鼠年画的一幅生肖画。取自民间传说“鼠咬天开”,一只老鼠腾空跳起,抬头望天,咬破混沌,表情透出喜乐、可爱,同时老鼠跳跃的姿态也寓有鼠年生活节节高之意。
《诗经·鄘风·相鼠》有“相鼠有皮,人而无仪”之句,意思是说,看看老鼠尚且还有皮,而人却不知廉耻、礼仪。
黄永玉《咱俩合资买只宠物好不好》
画家们从这些寻常所见的小生命里,感悟到许多人生哲理、道德品性、生活理念、艺术情趣。画鼠题材带给我们的,不仅仅是视觉上的体验,更蕴涵着博大深厚的文化内涵和人文精神。
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