作者：零zXr0

零、装修顺序和流程并不绝对

我连工人都没找，自己动手装修了450的房子。软装和电器方面，比如电影院的声学设计、施工、调试也是我自己。

在顺序和流程中，先安墙板还是地板，先刷乳胶漆还是贴瓷砖这种后期施工中的事其实不是最重要的，最重要的是前期的设计规划，这是不可逆的。你不可能装修完了重新开槽加个电源、空开。

而墙地先后之类这些事，后期还是可以弥补的。乳胶漆脏了可以补刷一遍，地板瓷砖没保护好也可以修复、替换。

所以流程是这样的：

一、设计

0. 确定使用者、和心理预期

主要是大概评估一下自己要把房子装成什么程度，给谁住、是什么定位和用途。按照这个大概的预期再去定下面的。

另外内外风格最好也统一一些。比如我家这种英式都铎风格房子，装得很现代就有点违和感。

1. 测绘、确定房间各功能区划。

比如一个空间你要作为书房还是衣帽间，或者影音室，那从土建和水电改造开始要求就是完全不同的。比如影音室需要额外5000w以上的功率（功放、投影、电脑、播放器等）。

这是我自己做的地下室电影院设计图，但我不会CAD，用的是Photoshop画图。

2. 定风格

不要信装修公司的风格可以后面改，实际上不能。

因为美式、欧式、中式等复古模式以地板和成品实木柜子为主，现代、轻奢、北欧则以瓷砖、全屋定制为主，很多材料不同会施工之后有厚度、高度落差。地板不打木龙骨的话只有1.5cm，瓷砖要起来5cm，就算薄贴也有2.5~3cm。

美式欧式要做罗马杆和窗幔，现代则要在做吊顶时预埋电动窗帘盒。

复古式做开放式置物架，现代要做橱柜和开放厨房。

复古做大吊灯，现代则做射灯、筒灯、轨道灯、LED灯条。

复古可能还要做圆弧形垭口门口，现代则平直线条为主。

这些主要是取决于人类科技发展过程中产生的先后顺序，比如板材比木头后发明，LED灯条比吊灯晚发明，自动窗帘盒几十年前没有等等。

这是我装修前的参考案例

美国猎人

电影《犬之力》

英国白金汉宫女王会客厅的 祖先荣誉墙

我家复刻版

万达IMAX影城

我家复刻版：

如果你要装一个古典主义的调调，那至少21世纪之后才流行的元素和材质，都不应该出现。

3. 确定大件家具、用电器、用水器的种类、摆放位置和尺寸。

比如你安装200L立式空气能热水器还是挂式普通80L储水热水器，那预留的水电位置和功率都不同。你安装嵌入式65L电烤箱这样的16A家电、也需要单独预留空开和插座。

用中央空调、中央新风还是壁挂空调、壁挂新风，用不用地热也要提前定。

另外床朝向哪边、柜子预计在哪边。如果准备放大型音响，要在哪边做隔音施工（否则扰民）等等都要提前规划。

二、硬装

4. 拆除、土建、门窗

工种：力工、泥/瓦工

主要物料：清运编织袋、沙子水泥砖头、水不漏（快干水泥）、建筑用胶

施工工具：电镐、大锤、搅拌器、搅拌桶、批刀

如果有结构上的拆改，比如搭楼板、封阳光房、挪动卫生间墙体、在卧室新隔出来一个衣帽间，将客厅扩大等等，先进行。换窗户的话这个时候进行就可以。结构最好还是不要改动太多。非承重墙砸了房子不会塌，后期变形是难免的。

搭楼板方面可以选择混凝土现浇、扦插钢筋等等方式，但我选的是轻钢龙骨玻璃楼板。

5. 水电改造、中央系统、地暖

工种：水电工及其合作开槽师傅、各中央系统厂家安装师傅

主要物料：水管、下水管、接头、阀门、电线、线管、空开漏保、底盒、开关插座面板、前置过滤器、净水器、软水机、中央空调、生料带、绝缘胶带。

施工工具：线管钳、剥线钳、钳子、槽机、云石机、融管器、焊锡烙铁、马刀锯、扳手。

这是马刀锯

水电分三种改法：
半改：保留开发商带的一部分，增加和移动一些点位。很多开发商带的管线完全符合国标，可以留用，既节省成本，也减少开槽对房屋应力的破坏。

全改：把所有开发商带的管线拆除，重新安装一套新的。

豪改：上不锈钢水管、加压泵、加全屋UPS/Powerwall、光伏屋顶、稳压器、中央净水、中央软水。

这个时候就要考虑排水是墙排还是地排、装智能马桶还是普通马桶、马桶孔距等等。

如果要做地暖、中央空调，在这时安装。

燃气如果要改造的话，要报燃气公司！！！

在购买管线时，符合国标的产品就可以，比如日丰、金德等正规大厂并没有什么区别，阀门尽量选择304不锈钢的，开关插座空开购买松下、正泰等大品牌。

中央空调相比空调挂机并无优势，而且维护困难，并有最低负载功率。单层200平以下的小户型没有必要考虑。

中央净水也可能略有浪费，因为冲马桶没必要用纯净水对吧？

关于取暖：

一定是空气能（热泵）热效率最高。但地暖舒适性更好。所以市场上有空气能锅炉可以烧地暖取暖。

关于光伏：

如果是别墅户型，建议考虑光伏余电上网，因为很容易达到阶梯电价。20~30平方米的屋顶就可以建设10KW/H级别的电站，10kw电站投入3~5万元，每天可以收入20~30元。大概5年之内可以回本。收益率20%，而且可以享受非阶梯电价，很多地区安了光伏的电表，按最低档收取电费。

像我家每月电费500~1000元，不考虑光伏发电收入，每年光是因为阶梯电价而多交的电费就有4000元左右，而这部分办了光伏就免了。

6. 填槽、回填、防水、墙面基层处理

工种：泥/瓦工、防水工

主要物料：水泥、沙子、建筑用胶、水不漏（快干水泥）、防水涂料、防水卷材、界面剂（墙固）。

施工工具：铁锹、搅拌桶、剪刀、滚刷、毛刷、延长杆、批刀

水电留下的槽要填，卫生间如果下沉也需要回填，回填用建筑废料也可以，不是非得在网上买什么回填专用淘粒。

室内外防水都要做，瓦工就可以做，专门找防水师傅也可以。

防水用卷材和涂料都可以，同时使用更好（先布后涂），卷材施工相对麻烦，涂料施工简单但没有卷材可靠。

地固墙固或其他界面剂涂刷是为了起到封闭作用，让基层更稳固，因为水泥本身基层本身会掉灰、松动。在有淋浴的部分必须做，背面是卫生间的卧室墙必须做。其余有条件可以全屋都做。

7. 木基础：石膏板吊顶、包口、背景墙木基层、楼梯木基层

工种：木工

主要物料：石膏板、吊筋、轻钢龙骨、木方、欧松板、钉子、白乳胶（醋酸乙烯酯）、发泡胶

施工工具：气动工具（气钉枪）、木工台锯/圆锯、胶枪、冲击钻

这些基础木工活都可以干了。这里的楼梯木基层指的是用欧松板包楼梯找超平，让规格统一。

做完的吊顶、基层不用做饰面，比如吊顶不用刷乳胶漆。

现在普遍用轻钢龙骨做吊顶了，一些老师傅也会用木方做，建议用钢的。

我觉得石膏板吊顶能少做就少做，能做得简单就简单。复杂、规模庞大的吊顶正趋于淘汰。

中央空调、新风应该在吊顶之前提前安装。

像我这种走顶的管道就属于必须包的类型。

8. 厨卫贴砖、地面找平做坡

工种：泥/瓦工

主要物料：瓷砖、水泥沙子、瓷砖胶、瓷砖背胶

施工工具：大水盆、推刀、云石机、刷子、批刀、刮板

瓦工的活都可以做一下，如贴瓷砖。

墙砖建议用瓷砖胶铺贴提高稳固度，地砖用沙子水泥即可。地砖上墙需要瓷砖胶+瓷砖背胶。

我在瓷砖工厂切割瓷砖

切割瓷砖

9. 大地砖铺贴、美缝、过门石&窗台石安装

工种：泥/瓦工、美缝工

主要物料：瓷砖、水泥沙子、瓷砖胶、瓷砖背胶、美缝剂（美缝胶、环氧彩砂）、美缝蜡、美纹纸、大理石/人造石、云石胶

施工工具：清缝刀、美缝胶枪、压缝球、铲刀、打蜡海绵。

大地砖很难自己铺贴，一般都是找人贴。

一楼

负一层

美缝工作需要先清缝，然后做美缝、铲多余美缝。

美缝剂的性能主要有硬度、防水、耐寒耐热、韧性、防霉、环保四个维度。一般防霉都可以做到，环保则需要较高的成本。比如取得法国A+环保认证，不使用含有壬基酚的B组分。

不要迷信广东瓷砖比山东砖、法库砖更好的传说。实际上瓷砖生产是高度工业化标准化的过程，主要取决于设备，大地砖需要更大的机器设备生产，所以能生产大地砖的一定更好。

比如900*1800的地砖几乎没有品质差的，而750*1500的也都还可以。600*600的机器都在七八线小厂子里，或者是库存砖。

地砖越大一般铺贴费用也会略高。

10. 墙面基层处理：刮批腻子/石膏找平/墙面砂纸打磨找平

工种：大白工（油工）

主要物料：腻子粉、石膏粉、阴阳角线、挂网、砂纸

施工工具：批刀、摱刀、刮板

开发商带的大白腻子普遍堪忧，铲掉重新做一遍比较好。

如果墙面不平整可以使用阴阳角条、挂网等。

如果房子比较新，开发商带的腻子比较好，也可以找平之后直接刷乳胶漆。

其实腻子粉本身也有一些讲究，比如说美巢墙尼就比普通腻子粉贵好几倍，但在对比测试中性能也确实更好。而墙体的返碱、不平、变形等问题实际都是腻子产生的，而非乳胶漆。

如果不愿意重新铲墙，或者墙体质量问题较少，也可以做修补。比如这种补墙膏、补墙漆产品。用刮板刮平即可。

修补前

修补后

11. 墙面装饰：刷乳胶漆、贴壁纸

工种：大白工（油工）、壁纸工

主要物料：乳胶漆底漆、乳胶漆面漆/硅藻泥/艺术涂料、基膜、糯米胶、壁纸

施工工具：滚刷、托盘、毛刷、延长杆、手套、口罩、护目镜

乳胶漆是常见的成膜建筑涂料，作为挥发成膜的产品，也是人们在装修中对健康、环保最担心的品类。

乳胶漆的成分构成：

乳胶漆主要由成膜剂、颜料、助剂组成。依据不同的原材料配方级别、比例，生产出的不同乳胶漆具有不同档次和性能。

成膜剂也就是合成乳液，内墙漆一般用醋丙（醋酸乙烯酯+丙烯酸酯）、纯丙（纯丙烯酸酯），这两种材料都有较高的环保性。而早些年有厂家用的苯丙（苯乙烯+丙烯酸酯）、VAE、酚醛、醇酸等乳液现在只在外墙漆和三四线小品牌中使用。

未调色乳胶漆的颜料就是钛白粉或者滑石粉。

而助剂一般用来消泡、增韧、增稠、乳化、稳定、催干、流平、防霉等等，绝大多数时候，甲醛APEO、VOC污染就在助剂当中出现。

乳胶漆厂商其实是灌装厂，原材料是关键：

我们常见的乳胶漆品牌，其实都是混合灌装品牌，他们把各种原料按特定比例混合之后灌装售卖。区别是更好的乳胶漆会选择更环保、高性能的原料、颜料、助剂。

好的乳胶漆，原材料一定同样顶级，同样是丙烯酸酯纯丙乳液，来自德国化工巨头巴斯夫和十八线小作坊品质肯定无法同日而语，这涉及到制造工艺、纯度等等。

乳胶漆分为底漆和面漆，底漆在主要成分丙烯酸酯之外助剂较少，只起到界面遮盖、屏蔽作用。但底漆价格较面漆更低，使用底漆可以减少面漆用量，节约施工成本。

底漆遮盖力对比

三棵树底漆遮盖能力测试 涂刷前、中、后

而面漆则除了遮盖之外，还可以有功能性，例如抗污、耐擦洗、防霉抗菌、健康、捕获并消除甲醛等等。

当然容易涂刷、好看更是重点。

DIY施工

DIY涂刷需要的工具有托盘、滚刷、毛刷、延长杆、眼镜、口罩。

托盘是方便施工的容器

滚刷是最重要的工具，不同材质的滚刷会形成不同的纹理。左边杂牌滚刷较为粗糙，右侧三棵树滚刷就丝滑平顺。

而毛刷可以解决边角部分滚刷的死角问题。

滚刷存在边角死角，毛刷才能解决

延长杆就是弥补你和姚明的身高差

当然如果举架过高比如像我这样6M，你还需要梯子：

底漆施工完成之后3~6小时之后再施工面漆。

总的来说刷乳胶漆这个工作不难，动手能力强的话，自己涂刷完全可以。

但你如果不愿意自己弄，乳胶漆厂商也有些会有代施工服务。

施工前后对比

施工前

施工后

施工前

施工后

总的来说，好的乳胶漆应该遮盖力强、耐水、耐擦洗、平整、摸起来也舒服。

至于大家最关心的甲醛和TVOC问题，我也购买了甲醛测试仪，测试：

涂刷1小时后：甲醛0.000、TVOC 0.000。

24小时后：甲醛0.000、TVOC 0.000。

总结：优质的乳胶漆产品可以做到非常环保、性能、施工性好，性价比高。

与乳胶漆相比，壁纸的施工就更加容易。

第一步，涂刷基膜使墙面更稳固并且不返碱、不掉面。

第二步、裁切壁纸

第三步，涂抹糯米胶粘贴、并刮平。

12. 铝扣板集成吊顶

工种：安装工

主要物料：铝扣板、吊筋、浴霸、凉霸、接线柱

施工工具：冲击钻、电锯、气动工具

现在有些厨房、卫生间会喜欢做石膏板吊顶认为更美观，但铝扣板后期更容易维护，也方便安装集成凉霸、浴霸、换气扇等。

13. 木地板

工种：安装工

主要物料：地板、地板弹簧、地板膜、踢脚线

施工工具：锤子、木台锯

地板分为纯实木、多层实木、强化复合。

纯实木地板就是木头刷漆，容易变形、易磨损、时间长之后容易有噪音。

强化复合就是贴皮MDF密度板，怕泡水。

多层实木就是几层胶合松木表面贴一层好看点的木皮，兼具不耐磨和容易变形两种缺陷。

我搬地板

我铺阁楼复合地板

3楼主卧黄檀地板

牛皮拼花地毯

2楼主卧菠萝格/印加木地板

木地板除了铺地，还可以上墙安装，我就把地板安到了墙上。

地板还可以包柱子

三、软装：

14. 大件主材安装：

橱柜、卫浴五金、全屋定制柜、卧室木门、卫生间玻璃门、开关插座面板安装。

软装这些都属于顺序无所谓，看自己方便。而且一般都包安装。

定制柜厂家安装

放我游戏盘的柜子

自己安橱柜

15. 小件软装：

置物架、灯具、窗帘杆、窗帘、晾衣架、墙面装饰品、铺地毯

自己安窗帘

衣帽间

自己铺地毯

自己装灯

自己安鹿头

我用剩余地板做的置物架

我做的欧松板工具墙和鹿角吸顶灯

16. 开荒保洁、修补

解决施工过程当中可能造成的污染、损坏。

开荒保洁一般用工业吸尘器+洗地机。后期保持则用无线吸尘器+扫地机器人+新风/净化器。

我的一些清扫工具

17. 进成品家具、家电

这是入住前的最后一步，之后就可以入住啦。

如果你选择的是美式、法式等风格，那就要买很多成品柜。

比如酒柜电视柜

比如像我放咖啡设备的这种餐边柜

在家自己做咖啡也很有意思

当然，床和床垫的选择也是很重要的。

我手工打造了一个实木床，做工粗糙，但还是蛮结实的。

而床垫一般来说五星级酒店的同款都不错，毕竟对用户体验很重要，酒店集团选床品是专业的。我3楼的这款是斯林百兰32CM厚的次旗舰，被威斯汀采购作为套房的天梦之床。

那么总结一下，装修主要分成设计规划、硬装、软装三步，你学废了吗？

如果还有其他问题，也可以在评论区留言，我会为你解答或者与你一起讨论哦！

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篇四：亲手装修需要的工具、材料和顺序

万林看1302装修需要什么工具啊? -
宦蚂锦14782608470 ______ 首先是泥瓦工,需要用到切割机,泥刀,水桶,水平仪,墨斗线.腻子工需要砂纸,滚筒,灰刀,如果机器打磨还需要一台机器.木工需要气钉枪,空压机.电推刨.水电工需要,扳手,起子,电笔,还要加上一些常见的工具.

万林看1302家里水电装修要完工了,泥工要买哪些东西呢 -
宦蚂锦14782608470 ______ 墙地砖--(厨卫、厅地面墙面铺贴) 黄沙、水泥、砖块--(铺设墙地砖、包下水管、砌墙的辅材) 填缝剂---(用于铺贴瓷砖后的缝隙填充,记得买地砖前向商家索要赠送,要不然还是要花钱买的) 厨卫地面防水--(卫生间、厨房地面的防水,一定要按照防水施工工艺施工哦,一般来说,有地漏的地方均需要做防水.推荐德国西卡) 地漏---(用于疏导下水的,建议买不锈钢或铜的防臭型的) 801胶水---(用于铺贴墙砖时对墙面进行滚涂,这样做的目的是,保持瓷砖铺贴后的吸水性一致,防止由于吸水不均造成的墙砖不平) 还有其他一些小的东西,如刷子、牙签、滚筒等,可以咨询商家或者要求瓦工列举清单.

万林看1302哪个清楚瓷砖填缝用什么工具 -
宦蚂锦14782608470 ______ 海绵刮板是比较适用的填缝工具.一般泥工不知道在哪里买,直接用金属小铲刀填缝,容易在砖面留划痕.也有人用砂纸架子的,还行,效率低点.

万林看1302泥工施工事前准备有哪些?施工顺序是什么? -
宦蚂锦14782608470 ______ 泥工是家装必不可少的工程,厨房、卫生间、阳台这三个区域都少不了泥工施工.那么在泥工施工前,需要做好哪些准备呢?正式施工要先做哪一项呢?泥工施工前准备 泥工施工环境准备:1、检查地面、墙面平整度:泥工铺贴瓷砖的前提是地...

万林看1302室内装修需要用哪些工具?
宦蚂锦14782608470 ______ 做效果图需要CAD PS 3DMAX LIGHTSCAPE 如:斧子,小电锯,锤子,电钻之类的工具

万林看1302做室内装潢都需要什么木工工具
宦蚂锦14782608470 ______ 郁闷.木工的工具是最多的. 空压机(2.5P的就可以了)、气抢(30直钉和码钉是必须要的)、电刨机(不常用)、手刨、电锯(台锯可以用手锯来改装)、直角尺(小角尺和大弯尺)、卷尺、凿刀(2分和3分安装锁具会用到)、斧头(不常用.一般用羊角锤)、镙丝批、美工刀、铅笔、砂石(磨刨铁要用)吊线驼(简易垂直仪).水平管(有的是木工用.有的是泥工用).手锯(一大一小)起子(平口.开口).墨斗.电锤、电钻.开空器(一套)...........等等.一个人一次是拿不完的.我就是木工出身.深有体会啊!

万林看1302仿大理石高光水泥地面施工工具用哪些? -
宦蚂锦14782608470 ______ 泥工找平的用的工具,加上专业的打磨机.

万林看1302装修需要的工具
宦蚂锦14782608470 ______ 装修工程是一份多工种配合完成的工作,每一工种所需要的工具都有不同.电工:电锤,电钻,手锤,电工刀,螺丝刀,电笔,剥线钳,万能表等.水工:搅牙机,水管钳,扳手,电锤,电钻,切割机,水测压仪等.木工:电锯,空压机,钉枪,木刨,小刨,修边机,角尺,开孔器,水平仪等.油漆工:磨机,刮子,铲刀,灰刀,扫子,刷子,砂纸,调色专用盒.灰工:搅灰器,灰刮,灰刀,铲刀,修角器等.

万林看1302贴瓷砖需要什么工具 300/400墙上 300/300的地面怎么施工小区 10万平方 -
宦蚂锦14782608470 ______ 工具需要切割机,木锤或皮锤,摸刀.开刀、木锤硬木拍板、铁铲、合金錾、手锤、磨石、合金钢钻头、手电钻、冲击钻等.瓷砖干净,整洁,各种颜色可以搭配出漂亮的房子.经常拖地板,容易变形.时间一长,就有可能被擦出裂纹.那么贴...

万林看1302二手房装修,粘磁砖,铲除原来旧墙面用什么工具 -
宦蚂锦14782608470 ______ 1.铲原来带有磁砖用电钻啊2.铲原来有腻子部分可以先滚水浸泡后,有专用的小工具可以搞定,一般铲不了多干净,也需要用电钻搞些小洞,使贴砖的水泥充分接触 以上搞定后,贴砖前需108胶水在原墙面上滚一遍,清除灰尘,使粘贴更有效 至 于贴砖的工具,泥工师傅有的,无需你考虑啦