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清初四僧的艺术成就

来源:baiyundou.net   日期:2024-09-23

清初四僧中,弘仁要算是一个出家后与尘世脱离得最彻底的,他涵养深厚,出家后,每日挂瓢拽杖,芒鞋羁旅,或长日静坐空潭,或月夜孤啸危岫,俨然一不食人间烟火的世外高人。

弘仁无疑是清初最富个性的山水画家之一。他在绘画上的成就及其特征不是简单地用遗民绘画、简洁淡远、疏淡冷寂等词语可以概括的。他的艺术成就,是清初特定历史时期的反映,是遗民情结、禅宗奥旨、山水性情、古风流韵与恬静心态在画中融为一体后的集中再现。作为新安画派的开路人,其画山水,层崖陡壑,伟俊沉厚,皴法喜用折带皴,转折方硬,笔路清晰,干淡笔折带皴,画面简净峻峭。

弘仁山水画笔墨精谨,格局简约,虽师法倪瓒,但又能“于极瘦削处见腴润,极细处见苍劲,虽淡无可淡,而饶有余韵”。弘仁虽继承宋元,但又有鲜明的自家面貌。可谓取宋人精谨而去其刻划繁缛,融元人笔墨而强其结构风骨,形成了自己刚正、平实、清醇、蕴藉的艺术风格。

弘仁是“新安画派”的奠基人。他和查士标、孙逸、汪立瑞等四人被称为清初“新安四大家”,也称“海阳四大家”。张庚在《国朝画征录》中说:“新安画多宗清(倪瓒)者,盖渐师道先路也。”弘仁画从宋元各家入手,尤崇倪瓒画法,但其作品格调不同于倪瓒,少荒凉寂寞之境,而多清新之意。直师造化,而别开生 面,真实地传达出山川之美和新奇之姿。他作的黄山诸景都不受倪瓒画法约束,而深得写生传神之妙,富有生活气息。弘仁行书法颜真卿,楷书学倪云林, 得其神韵。

弘仁是“新安画派”的奠基人。他和查士标、孙逸、汪立瑞等四人被称为清初“新安四大家”,也称“海阳四大家”。张庚在《国朝画征录》中说:“新安画多宗清(倪瓒)者,盖渐师道先路也。”


观自在菩萨,行深般若波罗

每年花开时节,我邀约朋友来家共赏。赏花只让识花人。我们有时在露天,有时搬到客厅,有时搬进阳光房,轻松音乐,焚香品茗,谈天说地;瓜果佐酒,漫论诗书。用一位作家朋友说的话,“醉里挑灯看花”,是有意思的事:等待羞涩的美人,在在千呼万喚中,一点一点地展现它的秀色。未开放时绛紫色的花苞象小家碧玉;开放时,它有着別的花所不及的气度,洁白的花瓣,一点点向外舒展,如美人伸着懒腰,虽然柔情似水,但它开放的样子,极其狂放,闭谢的姿势也刚烈异常,象倒挂金钟,不减姿态。宗彪、王寒夫妇,文字唱和,各领千秋。他们连续三年,每次坚守三五小时,观察细致入微,与我们共享昙花开放的美好时光。《江南草木记.昙花》,讲到了这件乐事。撮影家叶晓光,为昙花留影作画册;卢霞客与台岳学子,诗词唱和:小暑台风送清凉,安心静观渐开花,妙曼多姿色。人到闲处,你我他。

赏昙花能让人变得清明与宁静。如果地球与宇宙相比,地球只是“太平洋上的一粒沙”。昙花虽然弾指芳华,轰轰烈烈,但也是刹那美丽,瞬间永恒!人呢,以百年记,也不过是三万六千五百多天,在历史长河中,能有雪爪鸿妮,实是不易。有一付对联说得有意思:若不撇住终有苦,各能捺住即成名。横批:撇捺人生。撇不出即苦,捺收得住是名,一撇一捺是人字。人生几何?我欣赏昙花。巜人类简史》中有一句著名的话:“新世纪的口号,快乐来自于内心”。

蜜多时,

每年花开时节,我邀约朋友来家共赏。赏花只让识花人。我们有时在露天,有时搬到客厅,有时搬进阳光房,轻松音乐,焚香品茗,谈天说地;瓜果佐酒,漫论诗书。用一位作家朋友说的话,“醉里挑灯看花”,是有意思的事:等待羞涩的美人,在在千呼万喚中,一点一点地展现它的秀色。未开放时绛紫色的花苞象小家碧玉;开放时,它有着別的花所不及的气度,洁白的花瓣,一点点向外舒展,如美人伸着懒腰,虽然柔情似水,但它开放的样子,极其狂放,闭谢的姿势也刚烈异常,象倒挂金钟,不减姿态。宗彪、王寒夫妇,文字唱和,各领千秋。他们连续三年,每次坚守三五小时,观察细致入微,与我们共享昙花开放的美好时光。《江南草木记.昙花》,讲到了这件乐事。撮影家叶晓光,为昙花留影作画册;卢霞客与台岳学子,诗词唱和:小暑台风送清凉,安心静观渐开花,妙曼多姿色。人到闲处,你我他。

赏昙花能让人变得清明与宁静。如果地球与宇宙相比,地球只是“太平洋上的一粒沙”。昙花虽然弾指芳华,轰轰烈烈,但也是刹那美丽,瞬间永恒!人呢,以百年记,也不过是三万六千五百多天,在历史长河中,能有雪爪鸿妮,实是不易。有一付对联说得有意思:若不撇住终有苦,各能捺住即成名。横批:撇捺人生。撇不出即苦,捺收得住是名,一撇一捺是人字。人生几何?我欣赏昙花。巜人类简史》中有一句著名的话:“新世纪的口号,快乐来自于内心”。

照见五蕴皆空,度一切苦厄。舍利子,色不异空,空不异色,色即是空,空即是色,受想行识,亦复如是。舍利子,是诸法空相,不生不灭,不垢不净,不增不减。是故空中无色,无受想行识,无眼耳鼻舌身意,无色声香味触法,无眼界,乃至无意识界,无无明,亦无无明尽,乃至无老死,亦无老死尽。无苦集灭道,无智亦无得。以无所得故。菩提萨埵,依般若波罗蜜多故,心无挂碍。无挂碍故,无有恐怖,远离颠倒梦想,究竟涅盘。三世诸佛,依般若波罗蜜多故,得阿耨多罗三藐三菩提。故知般若波罗蜜多,是大神咒,是大明咒,是无上咒,是无等等咒,能除一切苦,真实不虚。故说般若波罗蜜多咒,即说咒曰:揭谛揭谛,波罗揭谛,波罗僧揭谛,菩提萨婆诃。观自在菩萨,行深般若波罗蜜多时,照见五蕴皆空,度一切苦厄。舍利子,色不异空,空不异色,色即是空,空即是色,受想行识,亦复如是。舍利子,是诸法空相,不生不灭,不垢不净,不增不减。


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方娜莫2622清初四王与四僧在艺术上有何异同? -
山轻妍15295923407 ______ 四王受了董其昌的影响 追求模古仿古 把更好地运用古人的笔墨当作最高追求 他们把古人画中的景物搬前挪后 达到古人画中的完美境界 他们在研究古人笔墨上的确达到一定水平 在发展干笔渴墨方面也丰富了文人画的表现方式 但他们一味模古 大大桎梏了文人画的发展 四僧是旧明遗逸 在画中或抒发亡国之痛 或表达个人情感 他们不满足于挪用古法 他们深入自然 寄情与山水 他们以抒发自身感受为目的 而不屈附于社会审美需求

方娜莫2622石涛擅长画什么 -
山轻妍15295923407 ______ 石涛(1642年-1708年),清初画家,原姓朱,名若极,广西桂林人,别号很多,如大涤子、清湘老人、苦瓜和尚、瞎尊者,法号有元济、原济等.南明元宗朱亨嘉之子,与弘仁、髡残、朱耷合称“清初四僧”.石涛是中国绘画史上一位十分重...

方娜莫2622急~~~清初四大画僧的代表作是分别什么? -
山轻妍15295923407 ______ 石涛代表作《莲社图》等 朱耷代表作《荷花水鸟图》等 弘仁代表作《黄山松石图》等 石溪代表作《苍山结茅图》等

方娜莫2622比较清初四僧和清初四王的不同之处 -
山轻妍15295923407 ______ 清初四王,是受了董其昌的影响,追求模古仿古,将更好地运用古人的笔墨当作最高追求,他们把古人画中的景物搬前挪后,达到古人画中的完美境界,他们在研究古人笔墨上的确达到一定水平,在发展干笔渴墨方面也丰富了文人画的表现方式,但他们一味模古,大大桎梏了文人画的发展. 而清初四僧,是旧明遗逸,在画中或抒发亡国之痛,或表达个人情感,他们不满足于挪用古法,他们深入自然,寄情与山水,他们以抒发自身感受为目的,而不屈附于社会审美需求.

方娜莫2622清四僧都是画家吗?
山轻妍15295923407 ______ 清四僧即弘仁(渐江)、髡残(石溪)、八大山 人(朱耷)、石涛(原济).皆明末遗民,他 们深通禅学,寄情书画,各有独特造诣.八 大山人和石涛系明宗室,后出家为僧,髡残 号石溪,与石涛并称“二石”.

方娜莫2622“八大山人”有几个人?
山轻妍15295923407 ______ 八大山人,本名朱耷(1626--1705)清代书画家,“清初四僧”之一,八大山人是他别号.

方娜莫2622扬州八怪、清楚4僧,八大山人,清楚4王中外美术史中的 扬州八怪、清楚4僧,八大山人,清楚4王 =.= -
山轻妍15295923407 ______[答案] 扬州八怪----是中国清代中期活动于扬州地区一批风格相近的书画家总称,或称扬州画派.八人为:罗聘、李方膺、李鱓、金农、黄慎、郑燮、高翔、汪士慎. 清楚4僧:估计楼主写错了,应该是"清初四僧":四僧”----清朝初期最富有创造性的画家,...

方娜莫2622“清初四画僧”中“八大山人”指的是? -
山轻妍15295923407 ______ 朱耷(1626~1705) 中国清代画家.僧人.原名统.江西南昌人,明宗室后裔,明亡后出家,一生字、号、别号极多,主要有:法名传棨,号雪个、个山、屋驴、人屋,尤以八大山人最为知名.据载,他还曾弃僧入道,改名朱道朗,字良月....

方娜莫2622古今中国具有影响力的画派是那些画派?例如:长安画派代表人物石鲁古
山轻妍15295923407 ______ 画派,也是艺术流派,是一定历史时期内思想倾向、审美趣味、创作方法、艺术风格等大致相同或近似的某些画家自觉或不自觉地结合而成的统一体,或称派别.它在严格...

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