灭火器的手工小制作
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如今有很多人在乡村振兴、乡村旅游中进入了一些误区:
村里有条小水沟就要搞农家乐,有几棵树就想做个民宿,有几亩菜花田就要办油菜花节……
各路投资者也从中嗅到了商机,但往往开头大张旗鼓,结果烂尾告终。
这些虎头蛇尾的乡村旅游项目,既破坏了乡村原有的生态环境,也浪费了资源,乡村味道更是荡然无存。
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本文将分享的案例,是一个位于日本京都郊外的美丽乡村,在交通落后、环境闭塞,也没有刻意的商业化开发的情况下,照样成了“网红村”。
我们一起来看看它是如何凭借38间茅草屋,每年吸引30万人次参观,通过乡村旅游带动当地经济发展的?
每年吸引30万游客的茅草乡
美山町距离京都约2小时车程,它与白川乡合掌村、下乡町的大内宿并列为日本三大“茅草屋之乡”。
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美山町虽然位于京都府,但并没有铁路经过,也没有直达的巴士。
由于交通不便,让美山町的茅屋群像个美丽的秘境。
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村庄处于大山深处,背靠郁郁葱葱的青山,村前的水稻田倒映着高低错落的茅草屋,犹如一幅山水田园的东方意境画卷。
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这里的茅草屋顶保存良好,与群山、农田、河流等景观融合得非常和谐,茅草屋和这里恬静自然的环境是日本乡村的典型代表。
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美山町仅有50户人家,村中民宅多半是江户时代中末期兴建的,其中共有38间茅草屋。
茅草屋成了村里的最大“IP”,每年超过30万人次来到这里,不为别的,只为看一眼这里的茅草屋。
美山町的旅游业,也由此开始蒸蒸日上。
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这些茅草屋,掩映在花海之间,背靠着青翠的大山。
在村里干净的小路上走走,家家户户的门口庭院里点缀邮筒、报箱。
偶有几声鸡鸣狗吠,让这里充满了生活的气息和宁静祥和的味道。
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在这样的小村里,并没有过度的商业化开发,能够供游客浏览玩乐的项目很少,就是为了不破坏小村自然的氛围。
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很多人会对茅草屋的内部结构感兴趣,在美山町有一个茅草屋博物馆,可以看到茅草屋的内部构造。
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没有用一根钉子固定,而是以卡榑、结绳固定而成,据说如今会这种手艺的仅有几十人。
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茅屋用芒草来制作,芒草本身质地坚硬、历久耐磨,是制作屋顶的最佳草材,另外用它做的屋顶还有冬暖夏凉的优点。
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当然了,茅草屋顶再厉害,也会因为日晒雨淋而耗损。
所以,茅草屋的主人大约20年,就会为自己的屋子换一次屋顶。
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屋顶的转角和底部要求做得笔直,转角是最难做的地方,需要多年经验的老手才能做出来。
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屋顶木条的根数是屋主富裕程度的反映,数量多则房屋面积大,面积大则富裕。
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由于这种屋顶更换代价高昂,而且懂这项技术的人越来越少,因而大部分村庄的建筑屋面都换成了金属材质,也仅有很少的村庄像北村这样大规模地保留了茅草屋面。
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也正因为此,茅草屋成了日本乡村宝贵的文化遗产。
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每年吸引上万游客狂欢的特色节日
美山町有两个最受游客注目的活动:一个是防火演习,另外一个是雪灯廊。
防火演习已经成为这个村落里现在最有名的节日,每年两次的“消防演习日”,会有很多游客慕名而来,每次的演习可以吸引上万人参观。
因为茅草屋非常易燃,一旦这里的茅草屋聚落失火将会发生严重的后果,所以美山町每半年会举办一次消防演习。
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美山町村民发明了一个能像喷泉一样,自动喷水的特殊灭火系统。
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为了不破坏传统的原始环境,他们还造了一个小木房子装灭火器,这些小木屋和周围建筑融为一体。
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没有做大城市里常见的消防栓,而做成小木屋的形状,也成了当地的特色。
一旦发生火灾,小木屋的屋顶就会自动打开。
与此同时,一个消防龙头也会自动升起,并开始喷水。
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藏在里面的消防龙头
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在消防龙头自动升起后,它就开始猛烈地喷水
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消防龙头还可以自动旋转角度
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整个村里共安装了62个这种灭火器。一到消防演习,那场面,可是相当壮观。
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一旦启动系统,霎时间如同下起了倾盆大雨,整个村庄都被水包裹起来。
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远远看去,青山绿水间一排排优美的白色水柱划过天际,舞动出优美的弧线。
而且,如果赶上阳光灿烂的日子,还能看到彩虹若隐若现。
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这些水柱有如精灵般淘气,从天上俯瞰尤为壮观。
那场面,就好像云南的泼水节一样欢快。
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谁也没想到,一场消防演习,能给当地带来大量的旅游人群,也给当地的村民带来了可观的收入。
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除了消防演习,每年冬天这里会举办雪灯廊和烟火活动,也能吸引无数游客前来。
这是一个集合雪景、美山茅草屋点灯、灯光秀、烟火大会等丰富文化的活动。
来参加的人都会带着手工制作的雪灯笼或花灯,灯笼散发出的柔和光线照亮了宁静古朴的山村,美丽雪景呈现在眼前,美不胜收。
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乡村休闲配套:打造有趣的打卡地
除了节气活动,来这里的游客,还能有不少有趣的文化体验。
✦美山民俗资料馆
游客可以在这里了解到,从江户时代开始的历史,进一步知晓当地的风土与民俗,完整地呈现过去几百年的历史光景。
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✦小小蓝美术馆
小小蓝美术馆,用手绘的方式对茅草屋构造进行了详细的介绍。
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这个美术馆,是35年前移居美山的蓝染作家新道弘之的私人工作室兼美术馆。
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一楼的工作室内,排着巨大的染缸,以及新道弘之先生的作品。
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二楼,则展示从世界各地搜集来的蓝染布料及作品。
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✦小巴士杂货店
这是村庄中唯一可以购物的地方。
外形看似普通的小巴士可是麻雀虽小五脏俱全,不仅有生活用品、零食、料理杂货,甚至连生鲜食品、冷冻肉类都被安安稳稳地放在冰柜里。
据说因为美山町人口稀少,店家更少,因此才衍生出这种独特的的移动式小巴士杂货店。
当地的居民只要一听到小巴士杂货店所播放的音乐,就会从家里跑出来买东西,补足生活用品。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0195c8aa44fa5bdb35.jpg)
这种“乡村寻常事”,居然也可以成为“打卡项目”,有人美滋滋地在流动巴士商店上买个小商品,兴奋地比手拍照。
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✦咖啡馆、小餐馆
美山町虽然大部分为一般的民家,但也隐藏了不少咖啡厅和小餐馆。
不过为了保持原始街道的面貌,餐饮店都没有设置招牌,游客只能自行探索,结果许多人做了攻略——“美山町隐藏美食”,又把每家店捧成“网红店”。
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其中流水素面,是这里夏天的代表食物。
一根长竹子对劈开,清水顺竹筒流下,有雪白的细面被水流推送到面前。食客们必须眼疾手快,才能体验那一刻的清爽。
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✦道之驿美山交流广场
美山町附近有个道之驿美山交流广场,四周群山环绕,与清澈的美山川比邻,是许多人旅途的休憩站。
全区内贩售当地的特产产品,另外还有观光服务中心,以及超人气的美山牛乳直营店「美山のめぐみ牛乳工房」所推出的霜淇淋!
美山地区因水质清澈空气清新,种植出来的稻米也特别受欢迎,经过精美的包装设计,成了当地旅游最出名的伴手礼。
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✦茅草屋民宿体验
美山町内仅有2~3家民宿,经常一宿难求。
踏入屋龄超过150年的茅草屋,犹如跨越时空回到过去一般的错觉。
宽广的榻榻米和室,客厅正中央的传统炭火炉,刻画着岁月痕迹的木头柱,走过便会唧唧响的木板地走廊。
无一不昭示着这里的特色。
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虽然这里的旅游越来越热,但当地人却依然从事着农耕,你随时可以见到那些乡村生活的场景。
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许多时候,我们都想着怎么样把乡村打造成所有人向往的地方,重金打造。
最后钱越花越多,“村”的感觉越来越少。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t012f349f3c9c004391.jpg)
也许美山町这样的乡村,可以成为我们一个借鉴的模板:
它传承着过去,也像自然生长出来一般,慢慢形成许多当今时代最独特的传播点。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01e009e3fcce50cc3d.jpg)
而美山町的成功,进一步证实了一个道理:
原汁原味的乡村图画,那些保留下来的乡土和本真,才是乡村旅游的核心竞争力。
但愿我们的那些小镇、乡村,在时代的巨变里,也依然能保留它们曾经的风采。
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