![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0199455c318a2bf725.jpg?size=640x356)
《清明上河图》的作者是谁?北宋画家张择端?事实上,自世上的第一幅《清明上河图》问世以来,陆续出现了各种各样的复制本、仿本及伪本。所以,与其说《清明上河图》是单一绘画,不如说是一种绘画的类别。历代以来,绘制过《清明上河图》之人不计其数,比较著名的有明四家之一的仇英和清代宫廷画家陈枚等。
传世数量
关于传世《清明上河图》的数量,至今莫衷一是。经奈良大学教授古原宏伸调查:日本有18件,台北有13件,纽约有6件,伦敦有4件,芝加哥、洛杉矶、布拉格及北京等地各3件,其他去向不明的有4件,共计41件。而北京故宫相关人士参与编纂的《清明上河图:珍藏版》一书则说:中国大陆有10件,中国台湾有10件,日本有11件,美国有6件,欧洲有6件,其他去向不明的有5件。
通常认为,以“清明上河图”为题,且有一定价值的作品在全世界达50件,另外也有100件的说法。
三大系统
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t017d7e5ea5b70811f5.jpg?size=288x400)
张择端像
历史上,真正见过张择端真迹之人少之又少,而不断有人持续画出《清明上河图》。大多数作品不得按照复制本(甚至是再复制品)描绘,也总是靠想象来完成,所以《清明上河图》各版本间的差异很大。
总体来说说,《清明上河图》大致可以区分为3大系统。分别是:张择端的真迹、明代仇英的“仇英本”和清代宫廷画家的“清院本”。
宋代版本
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01e59ee7543e2eacb5.jpg?size=640x318)
宋 张择端《清明上河图》 现藏北京故宫博物院
这是现藏于北京故宫博物院的清嘉庆《石渠宝笈三编》著录本《清明上河图》。从宋到今,流传有序,卷后的题跋、印鉴历历可数,被绝大多数人认为是张氏的真迹。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01a177f89b150d9595.jpg?size=640x276)
宋 张择端《清明易简图》 现藏台北故宫博物院
在画卷尾端的山石上有“翰林画史臣张择端进呈”签名,有学者认为其代表“金人入主汴京时的短时间风格“。”易简“,语出《易经.系辞》:“易则易知,简则易从。”即平易简单之意,作者希望透过画面,让观者对都城繁华胜景一目了然。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01395024cf6aa26fbe.jpg?size=503x250)
宋 张择端《清明上河图》 现藏台北故宫博物院
相传为张择端所绘。因有人认为:“该卷本与明清仿本风格迥异。”
元代版本
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01ad973b1d90c73817.jpg?size=500x307)
元人《清明上河图》 香港私人藏
此为工笔重彩本。专家认为,这是介于宋本与明清仿本之间的元本,另有三颗元印作为证据。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01253d7b45439e92d1.jpg?size=500x330)
元秘府本《清明上河图》 传藏于美国芝加哥孟义君处
董作宾先生研究确定此本为真本,并为其书写了序文、跋和编校后记。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t019f77a2e998984e2a.jpg?size=500x395)
元人《清明上河图》 现藏台北历史博物院
传元人所作,又称白云堂本。原为艺术家黄君璧所藏,后赠予台北历史博物馆。
明代版本
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01a8c9a9b7ea71cd95.jpg?size=622x331)
明 仇英《清明上河图》 现藏辽宁省博物馆
仇本《清明上河图》虽为仿品,但融入了自己的想象与创作。比如在此图中,张择端画中的木质虹桥已经被仇英笔下的石拱桥取代,桥上市景已由张本的几个草棚凉亭演变为木质售货亭。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01dacc98737aefa657.jpg?size=640x336)
明 仇英《清明上河图》 现藏台北故宫博物院
这是仇英所绘《清明上河图》的另一版本,随蒋政府迁至台湾,现藏于台北故宫博物馆。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f453d6f576c3a793.jpg?size=565x305)
传明 仇英《清明上河图》 现藏台北故宫博物院
本卷有多处与其它版本不同。重彩设色亦是其它作品所无,幅中大量运用了石青、石绿、朱砂、藤黄、胡粉及紫色等颜料,画面呈现出浓烈瑰丽的风格。这很出自明代“苏州片”画家对仇英风格的刻意追摹。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t014a70ec63c157c693.jpg?size=453x242)
明 仇英《清明上河图》 保利拍品
这是保利拍卖网上的一幅仇英《清明上河图》,其构图与台北故宫收藏的仇本几乎一致。
下面的几幅明本《清明上河图》在大英博物馆中可以见到:
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t016ba188f29f7c1865.jpg?size=500x359)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01e42d2d22ea3f68e3.jpg?size=500x322)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01572fbafe0f8835ae.jpg?size=500x380)
大英博物馆是世界三大博物馆之一,是收藏中国流失文物最多的一家,竟达2.3万件。
清代版本
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0123f1f49547b7ed1f.jpg?size=620x329)
清院本《清明上河图》 现藏台北故宫博物院
此本由清宫画院的五位画家——陈牧、孙祜、金昆、戴洪、程志道参照各朝的仿本协作画成,故之清院本。
清院本是集各家所长,又受西洋画风影响,街道房舍均以透视原理作画,并有西式建筑行置其中。此画充分地展现了清初民俗风情,堪称院画中的精品之作。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t016cb6b57902715f43.jpg?size=640x312)
清 沈源《清明上河图》 现藏台北故宫博物院
此本以水墨为主,在用色方面,更只用赭色稍加钩染,自有一番清新雅淡的韵味。用笔熟练,界画桥梁、屋宇、人物皆极为精细工整,亦清画院中之佳作。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t018fa90ff74b0abb72.jpg?size=500x335)
清 罗福旼《清明上河图》 现藏北京故宫博物院
此图以宫苑为主体进行精致描绘,突出了相关活动的实景所在。在构图上运用透视手法,形成了画面世界真实化的效果。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01ae8b805983142785.jpg?size=640x310)
清人画 仇英《清明上河图》 现藏美国弗利尔美术馆
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01599141730ee18378.jpg?size=640x377)
清 佚名《仇英清明上河图》 现藏美国大都会艺术馆
《清明上河图》,为历代中国人所喜爱,而现今的艺术家更是将此与其它艺术相融合,使其呈现出更加立体、生动的效果。
比如十字绣《清明上河图》:
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0105f8c78d1cb830cf.jpg?size=640x362)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01775523f09c6b56b9.jpg?size=640x332)
还有木雕版的:
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01b4ce9e7abdc27f11.jpg?size=443x367)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0146a634f3358dc472.jpg?size=446x359)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0156a15f3326deafdd.jpg?size=444x345)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t015e4f94e8364f7faf.jpg?size=446x383)
泥塑的更是栩栩如生:
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01127c1c1d4e17d71c.jpg?size=640x385)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0162e70ae16720bbe1.jpg?size=640x373)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t017613d03adbf55fee.jpg?size=540x360)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01e3b931365a2f462b.jpg?size=640x967)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01b52451518a2d0e1d.jpg?size=640x424)
","force_purephv":"0","gnid":"9c7408c0a206755c5","img_data":[{"flag":2,"img":[{"desc":"","height":"356","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0199455c318a2bf725.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"400","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t017d7e5ea5b70811f5.jpg","width":"288"},{"desc":"","height":"318","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01e59ee7543e2eacb5.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"276","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01a177f89b150d9595.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"250","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01395024cf6aa26fbe.jpg","width":"503"},{"desc":"","height":"307","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01ad973b1d90c73817.jpg","width":"500"},{"desc":"","height":"330","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01253d7b45439e92d1.jpg","width":"500"},{"desc":"","height":"395","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t019f77a2e998984e2a.jpg","width":"500"},{"desc":"","height":"331","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01a8c9a9b7ea71cd95.jpg","width":"622"},{"desc":"","height":"336","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01dacc98737aefa657.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"305","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f453d6f576c3a793.jpg","width":"565"},{"desc":"","height":"242","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t014a70ec63c157c693.jpg","width":"453"},{"desc":"","height":"359","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t016ba188f29f7c1865.jpg","width":"500"},{"desc":"","height":"322","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01e42d2d22ea3f68e3.jpg","width":"500"},{"desc":"","height":"380","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01572fbafe0f8835ae.jpg","width":"500"},{"desc":"","height":"329","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0123f1f49547b7ed1f.jpg","width":"620"},{"desc":"","height":"312","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t016cb6b57902715f43.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"335","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t018fa90ff74b0abb72.jpg","width":"500"},{"desc":"","height":"310","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01ae8b805983142785.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"377","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01599141730ee18378.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"362","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0105f8c78d1cb830cf.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"332","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01775523f09c6b56b9.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"367","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01b4ce9e7abdc27f11.jpg","width":"443"},{"desc":"","height":"359","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0146a634f3358dc472.jpg","width":"446"},{"desc":"","height":"345","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0156a15f3326deafdd.jpg","width":"444"},{"desc":"","height":"383","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t015e4f94e8364f7faf.jpg","width":"446"},{"desc":"","height":"385","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01127c1c1d4e17d71c.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"373","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0162e70ae16720bbe1.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"360","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t017613d03adbf55fee.jpg","width":"540"},{"desc":"","height":"967","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01e3b931365a2f462b.jpg","width":"640"},{"desc":"","height":"424","title":"","url":"https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01b52451518a2d0e1d.jpg","width":"640"}]}],"original":0,"pat":"art_src_0,fts0,sts0","powerby":"hbase","pub_time":1657926721000,"pure":"","rawurl":"http://zm.news.so.com/5719ee20f7dd23fa13684713289840a6","redirect":0,"rptid":"a3680078aa4aa0f2","s":"t","src":"艺境","tag":[{"clk":"kculture_1:大英博物馆","k":"大英博物馆","u":""},{"clk":"kculture_1:清明上河图","k":"清明上河图","u":""},{"clk":"kculture_1:画家","k":"画家","u":""},{"clk":"kculture_1:张择端","k":"张择端","u":""}],"title":"《清明上河图》有多少个版本?
尤饲媛4920为什么上海世博会中国馆中的《清明上河图》是明代仇英的,而不是宋代张择端的?
师费贱13670845378 ______ 《清明上河图》虽然有好几个版本,但从美术界来说,最正宗的是张择端版的,艺术价值最高.考虑到纸质文物不能经常展示,宋代张择端版每次亮相以后,要放很久才能再展一次,此次上海世博会组织方已经与国家文物局沟通过,希望能展出张择端版的《清明上河图》,国家文物局基本支持,并在相关事宜论证中,有望在'中国馆日'(10月1日)能顺利展出.6月1日前展出的明代仇英版的《清明上河图》,已归还辽宁博物馆.这幅画以明代苏州城为背景,描绘明代江南社会的城乡百姓生活实景,画中人物超过2000个,所描绘的城市繁华程度远远超过了宋代,从一个侧面反映了中国历史上城市的发展变迁,这也是其中的一个原因.
尤饲媛4920《清明上河图》是否真的有两幅真迹? -
师费贱13670845378 ______ 严格的说只有一幅,因为有了第一幅,才会出现第二幅,但如果说一模一样,那只能是仿着画的了,不会两幅同时诞生的,所以说只有一幅真迹!
尤饲媛4920中国馆清明上河图介绍
师费贱13670845378 ______ 1、中国国家馆展出的动态版《清明上河图》有多大? 答:长128米,高6.5米,这是北宋张择端版《清明上河图》的放大版. 2.中国国家馆展出的《清明上河图》真迹有多大? 答:长9.8米,这是明代仇英版《清明上河图》的真品. 3.张择端和...
尤饲媛4920清明上河图值多少钱 -
师费贱13670845378 ______ 清明上河图真品只有一件,现藏于北京故宫博物院.无价.赝品和仿制品价格在5元到5000元不等.
尤饲媛4920两岸的清明上河图有何不同 -
师费贱13670845378 ______ 我补充一下:北宋张择端版,工笔浅设色,故宫博物院藏. 明仇英版,工笔重彩,辽宁省博物馆藏. 清院本,工笔重彩,台北故宫博物院藏.其中,北京故宫博物院的张择端版经考证,被普遍认为是原版,即真真正正的《清明上河图》,但以艺术价值来讲,台北故宫珍藏的清院本是由清朝宫廷画家所仿制,非常精良,所以其价值被认为并不低于张择端版.
尤饲媛4920《清明上河图》的艺术成就 -
师费贱13670845378 ______ 张择端的《清明上河图》以清明时节作为引子,展开对汴京的精描细绘,是写实风俗画的杰作,受到历代画家的喜爱因而有许多仿本出现.其中“明四家”之一仇英仿作的《清明上河图》最有影响,苏...
尤饲媛4920清明上河图作者是仇英还是张择端
师费贱13670845378 ______ 张择端 仇英也有一张不过并不是众所周知的那张.
尤饲媛4920清明上河图是谁画的
师费贱13670845378 ______ 北宋 张择端 风俗画
尤饲媛4920世博会清明上河图真品有摆放出来吗?? -
师费贱13670845378 ______ 有动画的,也有真品,世博会开幕期间中国馆最重要的展品之一——仇英版《清明上河图》,不过最多展出一个月.
尤饲媛4920求以下书画作品的英文名称仇本.清明上河图 仇本.清明上河图虹桥仇本.清明上河图局部仇本.清明上河图局部2仇本.清明上河图局部3仇本.清明上河图局部4仇... -
师费贱13670845378 ______[答案] (script)Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival (script)Rainbow Bridge ,Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival (script)Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival,Part 1 (script)Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival,Part 2 (script)Riverside Scene at Qingming ...