裂缝图
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普通钢筋混凝土简支梁（板）桥常见裂缝
-由梁弯曲应力过大引起；
-下缘受拉区的竖向裂缝；
-由剪切、弯曲、扭转作用产生的主拉应力超限引起；
-腹板斜裂缝；
-水分渗入混凝土发生电化学锈蚀作用，钢筋锈蚀膨胀将混凝土胀裂；
-顺主筋方向的纵向裂缝；
-由于墩台产生不均匀沉降，使梁端部局部支承压力增大，局部应力过大所；
-梁端上部裂缝；
-运梁不当引起的梁体裂缝；
-近似水平方向的分层裂缝；由施工不当引起，分层灌注，间隔时间过长所致。
-构造因素、混凝土收缩和外力作用的综合产物。
-腹板上不规则竖向裂缝；
-横隔梁湿接缝开裂由于施工质量不佳、构造不当、荷载过大等因素而引起；
-横隔板底部竖向裂缝由于横向联系较差，导致部分梁体单独受力，以及刚度不足等因素所致；
预应力混凝土连续（箱）梁桥的常见裂缝
-连续梁跨中底部和支点顶部竖向裂缝；
-箱梁弯曲裂缝和锚固齿板后横向裂缝；
-抗弯刚度不足或混凝土的强度较低所致；
-箱梁锚固齿板后横向裂缝，构造缺陷引起的局部拉应力过大；
-牛腿及挂梁局部裂缝；
-原因主要是配筋不足，高度偏小，挂梁与牛腿连接不顺形成跳车；
-预应力梁下翼缘的纵向裂缝；
-成因主要为局部预压应力过大所致，保护层太薄，或施工工艺质量不当引起；
-先张法梁梁端锚固处的裂缝；
-锚头处应力集中和锚头产生的楔形作用而使锚头附近产生细小水平裂缝；
-圬工拱桥主要病害：腹拱发生裂缝；拱顶截面下部或拱脚截面上部发生裂缝，有时裂缝贯通整个截面；由多层平行拱圈石砌成拱桥，拱圈下部腹石上发生纵向裂缝；
-箱梁腹板斜裂缝一般发生在支点至反弯点间的梁段上，属剪切裂缝。
-箱梁腹板水平向裂缝，主要由箱梁横向弯曲空间效应；
-箱梁顶、底板梗腋处的纵向裂缝主要为预应力局部应力过大；
-箱梁较宽，或横隔板中施加的横向预应力不足或损失过大，或箱梁抗扭能力差等；
-由于偏载、扭转、施工质量等因素引起；
主要为端部或锚固部位应力集中、或混凝土浇注质量较差所致；
一些大跨径混凝土梁桥箱体裂缝斜向裂缝多表现为腹板主拉应力裂缝；纵向裂缝是与桥轴方向平行的裂缝，较多地呈现在顶底板；横向裂缝则多随同跨中梁体下挠呈现于跨中底板下缘，开展严峻的会延伸至腹板，与底板横向裂缝连通成“U”形裂缝。针对大跨径混凝土梁桥的病害特色，应以恰当改进桥梁的桥面线形，平缓并抑制跨中下挠景象；恰当进步构件承载才能，抑制裂缝的扩展为加固目标。采用体外预应力加固技术，受力明确，加固效果好，工作可靠，可以减少或限制结构的裂缝和其他变形。
拱式桥梁的常见裂缝
-拱肋截面偏小、构造缺陷、施工质量差及实际荷载大等因素；
-上弦杆及实腹段跨中附近底面及侧面横向开裂，或下挠过大，表明杆件的有效预加应力不足；
-斜杆开裂，说明拉应力过大；
-截面的抗弯强度不足、配筋偏少、拱轴线不合理、墩台不均匀沉降或向路堤方向滑动或转动、超重车影响、整体性差、施工质量差等；
-墩、台基础的上、下游不均匀沉降引起；
-偏载作用下边拱箱受力变形较大；
-构造不当、局部应力过大或混凝土浇注质量较差所致；
-有效预应力不足、正应力过大、混凝土抗拉能力不足；
-桥面板在立柱与腹孔位置未设铰或变形缝所致，不能适应环境温度变化所致；
-双曲拱桥裂缝
-各拱波之间横向联系弱，整体性差，横截面的组合不合理，墩台横向不均匀沉降等因素所致
素材来源：公路工程技术
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