日记 逛碑林遇到书法系女生【严建设】
2023年11月07日Tuesday
午后跑了趟南郊的精神卫生中心。也算是个冷清的大医院。我第一次走进精神病院是1972年。当年同学李海滨罹患精神病被我和一些同学、以及他的父亲送进了北池头村的医院。屈指算来，已有50多年了。
早上与老妻驱车跑了趟三学街的碑林博物馆。我好久好久没去了。童年时代，几乎每天都从我家后院翻墙进去玩。今日巧遇到保定学院书法系的学生们，拍合影、加微。说到书法，我系中国新视野书画院名誉院长，可谈的话题甚多，自己着急拍照，无暇多言，简单寒暄几句，自顾去拍照了。愧于敷情，但亦无奈。大门的门楣上肯定是郭老的墨宝。
西安碑林博物馆是一个以收藏、陈列和研究历代碑刻、墓志及石刻为主的博物馆，是陕西省最早创建的博物馆，也是中国独树一帜的艺术博物馆。馆内现有馆藏文物11000余件，其中国宝级文物19个号134件，一级文物535件。著名的“昭陵六骏”就有四骏藏于本馆。陈列由碑林、石刻艺术和其它文物展览三部分组成，共12个展室。现有7座碑室、8座碑廊、8座碑亭，加上石刻艺术室和4座文物陈列，陈列面积达到4900平米。
现在把过去堆放在后院的石雕都陈列在展馆里了，新设了石刻艺术馆，也就是地下佛像陈列室。里面一些佛像都是我小时候见过的，很亲切。有几个佛像笑眯眯的很慈祥。其门前两尊铜狮子，也就是当年博物馆大门前的那两尊。许久未见了。小时曾和景云钟、西夏石马都拍过合影。有一尊缺头的武士石雕，我小时曾躲在其身后拍照，只露出自己的头。下次拍摄，应带个三脚架。步入碑林，过去的记忆刹那间涌上心头，被大火烧毁的大成殿、衣着褴褛的老和尚、北墙根下烧纸唐三彩的耐火砖炉窑、泮池里巨大的金鱼，以及冰美人李爽等等。
博物馆本身即为孔庙旧址，其建置可追溯到北宋末年。照壁、牌坊、泮池、棂星门、华表、戟门、碑亭、两庑等明清建筑保存至今，并遵循着孔庙固有的建筑格局，组成了一个绿树掩映、古朴典雅的庭院式建筑群。西安碑林博物馆还设有碑刻研究院，致力于碑刻的研究和保护工作。同时，博物馆还定期举办各类学术研讨会、展览和文化活动，吸引了大量的学者、研究人员和游客前来参观和学习。可以说西安碑林博物馆是一个非常有价值的博物馆，值得游客前来参观。
现在最北边的碑室还在拓片。拓片是一种记录文物的技术，通过将湿透的宣纸贴在岩石或碑刻上，然后小心地去掉多余的宣纸，使得字迹或图案能够清晰地呈现在纸上。在西安碑林博物馆中，拓片的制作和展示是保护和研究古代碑刻的重要手段。我童年时，常常到碑林博物馆里玩，当年曾用印蓝纸和薄白纸在名家石碑上拓，带回家临摹。当然效果不成。
上世纪50-80年代，我住在东木头市太平巷。后院的墙很高，但有扇常年锁着的后门，通着碑林博物馆。碑林,也就是过去的文庙，世界上最大的石雕书籍博物馆，收藏着2300多块历代著名书法家的碑刻。童年时代，在放学以后，我常翻墙攀上厕所的房顶，再翻进碑林博物馆里去逮蛐蛐。碑林博物馆的后院几乎没人，偶然能见老态龙钟的和尚披着赭石色的破旧袈裟坐在大成殿基座北边逮虱子边晒太阳。大屋顶的宫殿式建筑，鸱吻伏踞，琉璃绿瓦，飞檐高挑，铁马叮当，上面长满了密密麻麻的燕麦和瓦松。大殿屋檐下十字隔架科斗拱层层叠叠，额枋彩画陈旧而华丽，以翎毛花卉图案和古代器皿图案为主，在布局上采取纵横交替方式，上下左右均不相同。窗户以冰纹嵌方和十字嵌方为主。褪色红漆的大格子门上部的图案有采取海棠芝花的，定胜的，还有棋盘格式中心暗藏卐字格的，下部均是木浮雕，多以暗八仙为主。
我们翻墙过去，每次都能看见光线昏暗的大殿里那些蒙满灰尘的奇形怪状绿锈班驳的青铜器和色彩绚丽的三彩俑，铜器主要有鼎、尊、爵、觥、卣、壶、镜子等等，三彩佣以仕女、马、骆驼、香炉为多，大漆的案子上堆放着黄褐色破破烂烂的字画和经卷。褪色的红漆大格子门虚掩着，尤其是夏天的中午，根本没有个人。我们最感兴趣的是蹑手蹑脚地揭开墙角的地砖，看看有没有蛐蛐，然而看到的多半是蠕动的蚯蚓，有时也能揭出一窝白色的小蝎子。
大成殿可惜在1959年毁于雷火。1977年大成殿被焚后遗留的台基也被拆除。我看到的只剩下一座高约一米的殿基，一圈汉白玉石雕栏板栏杆，雕花踏步，大青石石级，晒台游廊雕花抱鼓。当时消防车进不去，顷刻之间，熊熊火焰把一座巍峨的大殿烧成灰烬瓦砾。从大殿上拆下来的石雕佛像、石雕盘龙柱子、水磨古砖、古典故事砖雕、笨重的琉璃瓦、各类图案的大瓦当、琉璃鸱吻、琉璃滴水、琉璃云龙饰件以及铸铁寿字避雷针堆得像小山一样。废墟上长满了茂密的毛毛草、灰灰条、狗尾巴花和马齿苋等。我们在荒草废墟里曾发现过一尊残破的铸铜菩萨，中空，约二米长。后来除石雕留下、铜铁被拣出卖钱以外，全部雇人用架子车拉出文昌门，当垃圾填了那个大坑了。
每到昼暮之交的时候，天色开始暗淡，尤其在夏天的雨后，我们在碑林玩耍时还曾见过一种很美的景象：西天暮霭彩色缤纷，五颜六色一片绚烂，千万只燕子啾啾的叫着迅捷地凌空飞翔着，有时也会飞得很低很慢，似乎伸手就可以抓住。燕子的巢穴就在大殿屋檐下十字隔架科层层叠叠的斗拱里，殿前则是一地灰白色的燕子粪。
杂草丛生的院子里有很多石雕像。有两尊大青石雕的巨大的石像极其凶猛，一文一武，大约有2米高，其中武的那尊非常魁梧雄壮，像金刚天将，穿着甲胄，手执大刀，四方脸盘，狮子鼻，瞪着眼睛张着嘴，眼睛有鸡蛋大小，嘴里雕着一排整齐的牙齿。我起先一直以为他是西楚霸王，要不就是张飞、李逵或牛皋，但是兵器对不上：那些人拿的分别是方天画戟、丈八蛇矛、板斧和双锏，而他手里握着大刀，他或许是周仓。以后的40年里，我走遍了长城内外，大江南北，无论是洛阳的龙门、甘肃的敦煌还是山西的大同，却再也不见那么精美生动的石雕了。
黄昏时，我和发小石头常结伴翻墙朝碑林博物馆的前院跑，跑过巍峨的大殿，肃穆的石台孝经，长长的游廊，铜铸的景阳钟和默默伫立的西夏石马，一直跑到前院的木牌楼下。木牌楼是三间四柱五楼式，下面有用大青石栏杆圈着的两个泮池，栏板是镂空石雕，水池里有碧绿的水草，还有一些极其巨大的艳丽金鱼，拖着柔软的尾巴在绿色的池水里摇曳。这种罕见的金鱼有半尺长。
那时候我俩似乎比谁都笨，别人玩的许多游戏我俩大都不会，只有滚铁环还可以。用粗铁丝拗一个有柄带梢勾的东西，套上箍木桶的铁箍向前走，很简单。那时候大街上行人很少,尤其是夏天的中午,马路上几乎没有一个人，很适合滚铁环。除此之外，就能同几个和我年龄相仿的女生坐在地下，用粉笔圈天下太平。
我在石台孝经下拍摄来自燕赵之地的女生们。唐明皇的石台孝经是指唐代李隆基创作的一幅作品，被誉为石台孝经。
石台孝经是儒家孝道和孝治观念的阐述，由唐玄宗李隆基作序、注解并亲自书丹，太子李亨（即后来继位的唐肃宗）篆额，镌于唐玄宗天宝四年（公元745年）。碑文隶书，十八行，行五十五字，书法工整，丰腴华丽，结体庄严恢弘。原石由四块黑色细石合成，长方柱体，四面刻字，高620厘米，宽120厘米。碑顶雕刻着灵芝云纹簇拥的双层花冠，碑座底下有三层石台。
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逛碑林遇到书法系女生【严建设】
浦邓富1558假铜钱时间久了会掉色吗 -
鞠昌阎18399043321 ______ 肯定会,假铜钱做法很烂的,只是可能稍微镀点铜上去而已的.
浦邓富1558黄铜饰品会掉色吗?和黄金看起怎么那么像? -
鞠昌阎18399043321 ______ 是的,在空气中时间长了会被氧化,颜色差不多,但是手感不一样,黄铜硬,黄金软些
浦邓富1558不锈钢镀铜门会掉色吗 -
鞠昌阎18399043321 ______ 不会自然褪色! 但是铜属于易氧化金属,容易变色,长期自然环境中会变成暗红色.铜不耐磨,摸得久了,就掉色了,经常触摸的地方就会露出本色!
浦邓富1558手表周围是铜的容易褪色或掉色吗
鞠昌阎18399043321 ______ 铜加水加二氧化碳变成铜锈,在炎炎夏日,在雨天,洗手,洗澡(应该没有人这么笨)等就不要戴了,如果戴了,就一定要尽量保持干燥,多用布小心擦拭但不要对着它呵气(有水又有CO2)! 就算镀上一层其他物质也比较容易磨损,可以涂上护甲油,记得小心保管! 它能美多久就看你怎么对它了!
浦邓富1558黄铜首饰会褪色吗 -
鞠昌阎18399043321 ______ 纯银是一种活跃的金属,容易与空气中的硫起化学反应,使银器变黑.因此佩带时尽量少与空气接触,不宜在化学气体浓的场所佩带.接触硫磺香皂后,必须马上揩干.汗水中的氯化物对银亦有影响.银与金不能同配戴,会导致银变黄. 当然,即使不同时配载,时间久了,银饰还是会氧化变色,无论是电镀了还是没有电镀! 原色的,抛光表面的,最简单.用擦银布擦拭就可以了.无抛光表面有缝隙的,用洗银水清洗就可以了. 电镀过表面的,要用软布擦拭,并且避免接触化学性物品(比如沐浴液体,皂液,化学试剂,香水等)因为电镀层非常薄,粗糙布的擦拭和化学性物品的损伤,都会影响表面的光亮.
浦邓富1558纯铜佛像用水洗啦会退色吗 -
鞠昌阎18399043321 ______ 纯铜的话,因为铜元素的活动性弱,在非氧化性酸环境下,纯铜不会被溶或氧化,所以,普通的水洗不会褪色.但是,佛像庄严神圣,清洁时要保持尊重恭敬心,作抹布用的毛巾必须是新的,也可以固定一条毛巾专门浴佛.为佛洗浴时,器具也应有所讲究,最好是专用.
浦邓富1558铜经过真空电镀会掉色吗 -
鞠昌阎18399043321 ______ 会的,主要是看在什么样的环境下了
浦邓富1558黄铜会掉色吗 -
鞠昌阎18399043321 ______ 不会,会的话就不叫黄金了吧,不过有些人烧金,颜色会比原先的黑点
浦邓富1558用黄铜加工手饰外面镀的是什么材质,'真像金的呀,会掉色吗? -
鞠昌阎18399043321 ______ 就是k金啊,有18k,24k等,电镀厚一点的就比较没那么容易褪色,但始终会褪色的;除非你密封起来.现在有的是合金做的,价格比较便宜,而且都是倒模的,如果是手工做的,一般都是铜的,但现在也有部分是铁的哦,奸商奸商~哈哈哈
浦邓富1558我想在户外围墙用铸铜大门,但不知道铜门经雨水会不会产生锈蚀.想请高人指点.多谢啦! -
鞠昌阎18399043321 ______ 铜一般不会腐蚀但长期会变质,颜色随之消失
