黄慎(公元1687—1766年)，字恭懋，后改字恭寿、菊庄，号瘿瓢子，又称东海布衣。原籍福建宁化，后长期寓居扬州，为“扬州八怪”之一。黄慎出身平民，幼年丧父，家境贫苦。他曾有诗描述自己的生活说:“我年一十四，两妹相继殇。幼弟在襁褓，失乳兼绝粮。”为寻找生活的出路，刻苦学习，立志于画，以卖画维持全家生计。

闻诗人张钦“诗中有画”语，遂学诗。又从上官周学工笔画。他苦读苦学，“昼为画，夜无所得蜡，从佛殿光明灯读书其下”。住在寺院中，白天作画，夜晚借佛堂的灯光读书。“十年容类打包僧，无怪秋霜两鬓鬅;历尽南朝多少寺，读书频借佛龛灯。”就是对他自己这段生活的描绘。而这段生活给了他增长见识、体察民情、开拓胸襟的机会，对他以后的创作，特别是人物画创作，有着重要影响。

他在扬州生活了30余年。先寄居在平山麓下李氏园、友人杨倬云的刻竹草堂，而后又搬至广储门外美成草堂，经常与郑燮、李鱓等人切磋书画。黄慎的画由工笔而写生，其书由真楷而行草，复以狂草入画，又以画入书，以诗入画，诗书画相益相济，自成一格，人称“三绝”，一时倾动大江南北，大受欢迎，可谓“持缣素造门者无虚日”，达官贵人“争迎致之”。

他一生十分高产，现存作品中人物画比重比较大。其人物画在吸收前人成就的基础上加以创新，用笔放纵率直，极具个性风貌，取得了比较高的成就，对清末海上画派乃至近现代诸家都有影响力。尤其是对齐白石影响极大。

齐白石到北京开启职业画家生活，在北京看到黄慎的画作后深受其触动，齐白石在日记中：“此人真迹余初见也。此老笔墨放纵，近于荒唐，郊之余画太工致刻板耳。老来事业转荒唐。还特意在“老来事业转荒唐”之后，用篆书缓慢写下“业”“慌”二字，这种现象在齐白石日记手稿之中是极为罕见的。而且在观看黄慎画作第二天，齐白石又表示了强烈的变法决心：“余昨在黄镜人处获观黄瘿瓢画册，始知余画犹过于形似，无超凡之趣，决定从今大变。人欲骂之，余勿听也，人欲誉之，余勿喜也。人喜变更，不独天下官吏行事也，余画亦然。”

黄慎以狂草入画，吸收文人画的精髓，践行传统绘画所倡导的“运用书法之笔法”作画的理念，并自成一格，其独特性不仅在于拓宽了意笔线描在人物画中运用的道路，为后世的意笔线描人物画创作提供实践性的指导，还对民生题材具有明显倾向性。

他在书法与绘画中所作的探索这不单是对市场的逢迎，还包含部分知识分子阶层“忧民”意识的觉醒，侧面反映当时社会阶级矛盾逐渐加深，底层人民生活艰辛，在没有话语权的情况下，意图用画来表达思想感情，绘画逐渐开始传递时代精神和反映现实世界。

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