△ 湿地之眼

/ 场地概况

△ 南沙湿地公园 ©南沙湿地

南沙湿地公园地处广州最南端的南沙区万顷沙镇，总面积一万亩，是候鸟东亚泛太平洋迁徙路线重要驿站和食物补给地，以其众多种类的野生鸟类而著称，被称作珠江三角洲的“候鸟天堂”。南沙湿地有着良好的生态环境，为周边地区起着防风消浪、涵养水土、调节气候的重要作用，因此也被誉为“广州之肾”。

△ 候鸟聚集 ©南沙湿地

△ 吸引许多观鸟爱好者 ©南沙湿地

我们以隐蔽式观鸟为出发点，从材料和形式上尽可能减少对候鸟的干扰，利用竹材这一生态材料打造了三种不同形式的观鸟用构筑物，保护生态的同时结合科普、文旅功能，为游客提供阴凉隐蔽的观鸟地点。

△ 项目场地

△ 观鸟亭、观鸟塔、观鸟屋场地原貌

/ 设计手法

/ 建造呈现

观鸟亭是三个竹构中最为隐蔽的一个，整体呈现修长而又具有一定曲率的形式，将湿地公园曲折的岸线与湖面的波动感相结合，屋顶的起伏变化，其形状走向更加贴合于湖岸。

△ 观鸟亭总平面图

△ 坡屋顶结合曲线的设计演变

△ 隐匿于茂密树林中的观鸟亭

其结构是由多榀类似的竹构架连接而成，形成了一个既能遮阳避雨又能通风散热的半室外灰空间，为游客们提供一个漫步型观鸟场所。

△ 观鸟亭结构分析图

△ 观鸟亭模型

△ 正在搭建竹结构的工人们

同时考虑到野生鸟类的高警惕性，对屋檐进行了一定的压低，将观鸟亭的观景场所设置在三处稍稍放大的区域，隐蔽观鸟者的身姿，可以有效避免鸟群受到惊吓，坐在长椅上，视线自然地穿过蜿蜒的缝隙，找寻跃然于绿意中的鸟群。

△ 压低的屋檐隐蔽观鸟者的身姿

△ 观鸟亭剖面图

△ 俯瞰“湿地之眼”

△ 湿地之眼总平面图

湿地之眼位于公园内主要道路边的近水区，沿着漫长水边路径，湿地之眼空间延伸至水面上方，游客可在此驻足停留，是一个集休憩，观鸟，打卡功能为一体的凉亭。

△ 湿地之眼剖面图

湿地之眼的结构是由多个圆形在空间上互相错动而成，由四个抛物线型结构支撑而起，屋檐与围栏在错动变化中提供了开开合合的丰富空间体验。

△ 湿地之眼结构分析图

△ 湿地之眼模型

△ 正在搭建竹结构的工人们

其所有的功能属性集中于中间的平台之上，前后打开的形式以及中间天井和玻璃平台的存在使得湿地之眼可以实周遭景观的互通，视野更加开阔，光线更加充足，同时在竹结构的映衬下，其可以更好地给予游客贴近自然的感受。

△ 与周遭自然交融的曲线之美

纵观整个湿地公园，其整体呈现的是一种平面展开式的自然景观，因此在湿地中心置入了一座观鸟塔，补齐公园缺少高处观景设施的短板，与前两种强调“隐于环境”不同的是，观鸟塔更强调跳出“只缘身在此山中”的感受，让游客能够突破高度的壁垒，从高处俯瞰景区景观与鸟群。

△ 观鸟塔总平面图

△ 成为湿地公园的高处观景设施

观鸟塔是结合华南国家植物园的鸟类和植物类科学观察和记录设施，红树林碳通量监测塔[1]的功能实现了湿地科普文旅与生态科研的结合。

△ 华南国家植物园南沙湿地红树林碳通量监测塔

其整体是一种双螺旋交替上升的结构形式，借助中心的钢束结构，两个螺旋都围绕着中心点逐步向外扩大。内螺旋提供攀登的台阶，外螺旋则外披棕榈皮，使得塔身更加融入环境的同时也覆盖住了整个攀登过程，让所有的观景视野全部集中于最顶端的平台之上，创造出豁然开朗的空间体验感。

△ 观鸟塔结构分析图

△ 观鸟塔模型

△ 观鸟塔剖面图

[1] 红树林碳通量监测塔：通量塔延伸到植被冠层的顶部，使传感器能够捕捉到大气条件的完整轮廓。通常，塔上有4-6层传感器。在通量尺度上，可以测量大气和生态系统表面化学物质的动态流动（如二氧化碳、湿度、风速）；在本地/小气候尺度，可测量塔附近的小尺度气候特性（如气压）。

项目信息

项目位置 | Location

广东省广州市万顷沙镇新港大道1号 | 1 Xingang Avenue, Wanqingsha Town, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province

业主 | Proprietor

广州南沙旅游发展有限公司 | Guangzhou Nansha Tourism Development Co., Ltd

设计团队 | Design Team

竖梁社、华南理工大学建筑学院 | Atelier cnS，School of Architecture，SCUT

主创设计 | Chief Design

钟冠球，林海锐 | Guanqiu Zhong, Hairui Lin

设计团队 | Design Team

竖梁社：

主持建筑师：钟冠球，宋刚，朱志远 | Lead architect: Guanqiu Zhong，Gangsong,Zhiyuan Zhu

设计团队：林海锐，黄文轩，肖文菁，李佩佳，段旭乾，赵航 | Design team: Hairui Lin, Wenxuan Huang, Wenjing Xiao, Peijia Li, Xuqian Duan, Hang Zhao

华南理工大学建筑学院：

老师：钟冠球 | Teacher: Guanqiu Zhong

学生：柏芦苇 | Student: Luwei Bai

建筑面积 | Scale of Construction

观鸟亭：80㎡ ，观鸟塔：260㎡ ，湿地之眼：80㎡

设计时间 | Design Time

2022.6

完成时间 | Completion Year

2023.10

摄影 | photographer

吴嗣铭 | Siming Wu

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