欧阳询《楷书·化度寺碑·拓》

《化度寺碑》 全称《化度寺邕禅师舍利塔铭》，唐李百药撰，欧阳询正书，刻于唐贞观五年（631）。原石久佚，翁方纲考为三十五行，行三十三字。

特 点

《化度寺碑》的妙处，在于严谨缜密，神气深隐，具有体方笔圆之妙，有超尘绝世之概。同时，此碑模勒之工，非后世所及，故称楷法极则。

早《九成宫》一年而书，故风格极相似，但谨严有余舒展不足。元赵孟頫评论云：“唐贞观间能书者，欧阳率更为最善，而《邕禅师塔铭》又其最善者也。”清代金石家翁方纲对此碑书法评价极高，认为此碑胜于《九成宫醴泉铭》。赞誉虽嫌过头，但可以说明此碑的书法确有其独到的地方。

《化度寺邕禅师舍利塔铭》

元赵孟頫评论云：“唐贞观间能书者，欧阳率更为最善，而《邕禅师塔铭》又其最善者也。” 翁方纲一生精研欧集，对欧书各碑细察甚详，他在题跋中说：“若以唐代书格而论，则《化度》第一、《醴泉》次之，《虞恭》又次之。若以欲追晋法而论，则《化度》第一、《虞恭》次之、《醴泉》又次之。”

释文

化度寺故僧邕禅师舍利塔铭

右庶子李百药制文 率更令欧阳询书

盖闻人灵之贵，天象攸凭，禀仁义之和，感山川之秀，穷理尽性，通幽洞微。研其虑者百端，宗其道者三教，殊源异轸，类聚群分。或博而无功，劳而寡要，文胜则史，礼烦斯黩。或控鹤乘鸾，有系风之谕；餐霞御气，致捕影之讥。至於察报应之方，穷死生之变，大慈（阙）运宏济群品，极众妙而为言，冠元宗以立德，其唯真如之设教焉。若夫性与天道，契协神交，贻照灵心，澄神禅观，则有化度寺僧邕禅师者矣。

禅师俗姓郭氏，太原介休人。昔有周氏，积德累功，庆流长世，分星判野，大启藩维。蔡伯喈云：「虢者郭也。虢叔乃文王所咨，郭泰则人伦攸属。」圣贤遗烈，奕叶其昌。祖宪，荆州刺史，早擅风猷。父韶，博陵太守，深明典礼。禅师含灵福地，擢秀华宗，爰自弱龄，神识沈静，率由至道，冥符上德。因戏成塔，发自髫年；仁心救蚁。始於?岁。世传儒业，门多贵仕。时方小学，齿骨上庠，始自趋庭，便观入室，精勤不倦，聪敏绝伦，博览群书，尤明老易。然雅有志尚，高迈俗情，时游僧寺，伏膺释典，风鉴疏朗，豁然开悟。闻法海之微妙，毛发同喜；瞻满月之图像，身心俱净。於是锱铢轩冤，糟粕邱坟，年十有三，违亲入道，於邺西云门寺，依止稠禅师。

稠公禅慧通（阙）戒行勤苦，道标方外，声溢区中。（阙）睹暗投，欣然惊异，即授受禅法，数日便诣幽深。稠公尝抚禅师而谓诸门徒曰：「五亭（阙）念尽在此矣。」头ヌ兰若，毕志忘疲，仍来往林虑山中，栖托游处。后属周武平齐，像往林虑，入白鹿深山，避时削迹，藏声戢曜，枕石漱流。（阙）岩之下葺茆成室，萝裳薜带，（阙）唯粪（阙）之衣；饵术餐松，尝无麻麦之饭。三迳斯绝，百（阙）为群，猛鸷毒螫之徒；潜形匿影，白鹿青鸾之辈。效祉呈祥，每梵音瞻礼，焚香读（阙二字）奇禽异兽，攒集庭宇，俱绝（阙）倚毕来俯伏，貌如恭敬，心疑听受。及开皇之初，宏（阙）释教，於时有魏州信行禅师，（阙）明佛性，大转法轮。实命世之异人，为元门之益（阙）以道隐之辰，习当根之业，智禅师Т世幽居，遣人告曰：「修道立行，宜以济度为先，（阙）善其身，非所闻也。宜尽宏益之方，昭示流俗。」禅师乃出山，与信行禅（阙）修苦行。开皇九年，信行禅师被敕徵召，乃相随入京。京师道俗，莫不遵奉信行禅（阙三字）之（阙二字）持徒众，以贞观五年十一月十六日，终於化度寺，春秋八十有九。圣上崇敬（阙二字）赠帛追福，即以其月廿二日，奉送灵塔於终南山下鸱鸣圯，禅师之遗令也。徒众收其舍利，起塔於信行禅师灵塔之左。禅师风范凝正，行业精勤。十二部经，尝甘露而俱尽；五百具戒，凌严霜而未?。虽托迹禅林，避心定水，涉无为之境，绝有待之累，（阙）寓形岩穴，高步京华，常卑辞屈已，体道藏器。未若道安之游樊沔，对凿齿而自伐弥天；慧远之在庐山，折桓元之致敬人主。及迁神净土，委质ヌ林，四部奔驰，十方号慕，岂止寝歌辍相，舍佩捐珠而已？式昭景行，乃述铭云：

绵邈神理，希夷法性。自有成空，从凡入圣。於昭大士，游（阙二字）正，德润慈?。心悬灵镜，（阙）蒙悟道，舍俗归真。累明成照，积智为津。行识非想，禅（阙三字）观尽三昧，情销六尘。结构穷岩，留连幽谷。灵应无像，神行匪速。敦彼开导，去兹（阙三字）绝有凭群生仰福，风火（阙）妄泡电同奔。达人忘已，真宅斯存。刹那（阙二字）净域（阙五字）乐永谢重昏。

跋

敦煌残本

清光绪二十二年（1896年）敦煌石室曾发现唐拓本，为法国人伯希和携往国外，分存于法国巴黎图书馆、英国伦敦博物馆。近年敦煌石室，发现一个残本，存236字，摹拓颇精彩。一般人所称道的《化度寺碑》，多指遗落在宋时的唐原石，其临模镌石的确精绝。可是后人误把宋人翻刻的当作唐朝原石，仍声称唐石宋拓，这主要是翁方纲的错误。宋时有人依据宋拓本翻刻，以后陆续翻刻甚多。传世拓本中，唯吴县吴氏欧堂藏成亲王旧藏本是原拓孤本，今藏上海图书馆。影印本极多，现在一般所见的影印本，为李宗瀚所藏，商务印书馆印的。

欧阳询

欧阳询（557年一641年），汉族，唐朝潭州临湘（今湖南长沙）人，字信本，楷书四大家之一。南朝梁太平二年（公元557年）出生于衡州（今湖南衡阳），祖籍潭州临湘（今湖南长沙）。

欧阳询与同代的虞世南、褚遂良、薛稷三位并称初唐四大家。因其子欧阳通亦通善书法，故其又称“大欧”。他与虞世南俱以书法驰名初唐，并称“欧虞”，后人以其书于平正中见险绝，最便初学，号为“欧体”。

代表作楷书有《九成宫醴泉铭》、《皇甫诞碑》、《化度寺碑》，行书有《仲尼梦奠帖》、《行书千字文》。对书法有其独到的见解，有书法论著《八诀》、《传授诀》、《用笔论》、《三十六法》。所写《化度寺邑禅师舍利塔铭》，《虞恭公温彦博碑》，《皇甫诞碑 》被称为“唐人楷书第一”。

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