二战中最著名的Flugabwehrkanone (防空炮) 8.8厘米 - Flak 37 88毫米炮。中文区为其命名为“众生平等”炮之类的称呼。也是二战德国几种代表武器之一。如此著名的武器早已被人讲烂说透，我就没必要重复前的叙述。

8.8厘米口径高炮，最早可追溯到第一次世界大战。当时的高射炮是对现有中口径武器的临时改造，安装以允许以更高的角度射击。到 1915 年，德国司令部意识到这些除了威慑之外的任何事情都毫无用处，即使是对当时脆弱的气球和缓慢移动的飞机也是如此。

随着飞机性能的提高，许多军队开发了具有高初速的专用AA炮 - 允许射弹到达更高的高度。正是这种初速，加上高重量的弹丸，使8.8厘米高射炮成为第二次世界大战中伟大的反坦克炮之一。1917年，德国引进了第一门这样的火炮，使用了德国海军通用的8.8厘米口径。

战败后，根据《凡尔赛条约》的规定，德国被禁止采购大多数类型的新武器。尽管如此，克虏伯公司还是与瑞典的博福斯一起开始开发新枪。自1921年以来，克虏伯拥有博福斯的多数股权。最初的设计是75毫米的型号。在原型阶段，军队要求一种能力要大得多的火炮。设计师再次开始使用 88 毫米口径。

原型88于1928年首次生产。这种早期型号Flak 18使用长度为56口径的单件式枪管，因此通常被称为L/56。

Flak系列炮在1936年的西班牙内战中首次投入使用，并被称为"88炮"。在整个二战期间，德国威尔玛特和轴心国军队共生产了大约20,000门克虏伯工厂的这种武器，并用于对抗飞机、坦克以及对地面部队的一般支援。

它常用于拖曳该武器的是中型牵引车Sd.Kfz. 7。为了进行防空作战，使用了一排由24千瓦发电机提供动力的直径为150厘米的抛物线玻璃反射器的探照灯，通过Ringtrichter-Richtungshörer RRH和Sonderanhänger 104 (Sd. Ah. 104)特殊拖车使其具有机动性。

它们也被装载在装甲平板铁路车上。该炮可以在轮子上进行射击，也可以在几分钟内布置好，以获得更稳定的射击平台和较低的轮廓。典型的弹药包括：带有弹簧或惯性引信的防空高爆弹；用于基本地面支援的引信引爆的高爆弹；以及用于穿甲的反坦克弹。一旦目标被光学测距仪和机械计算机锁定，炮组将弹头插入自动引信设置器，根据射击表设置弹头的爆炸时间。

典型的弹药重约22磅，最大射程可达12公里（约39,000英尺，实际有效射程更接近25,000英尺），由8-10人的炮组每分钟可装填和发射约15发。

炮组在炮管上涂上白色条纹以表示击毁的坦克数量。除了历史上的黑白照片外，本文作者拍摄了位于华盛顿州埃弗雷特的飞行遗产与战斗装甲博物馆的三门炮的照片（其中一门炮是在捷克斯洛伐克的比尔森制造并运往西班牙），还有一颗属于B-17轰炸机右腰部机枪手阿特·安鲁的88毫米炮弹和弹片，他曾被击中并差点丧命。

本文作者：Randy Malmstrom

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(防空炮) 8.8厘米 - Flak 37 88毫米高炮

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