游终南山太乙宫赋【严建设日记】

2024年03月01日 Friday阴

甲辰年正月廿一日。余偕老妻驱车南行秦岭北麓太乙宫一游。时春雨淅沥，山峦叠嶂，雾气蒙蒙，青山皑皑，春雪欲融。故诗佛摩诘赞曰：太乙近天都，连山接海隅。白云回望合，青霭入看无。

夫太乙宫者，秦岭终南山北麓一道观也。久藏深闺人未识。昔良田万倾，溪流淙淙，竹荫榜舍，稻花飘香，蛙鸣于畦，萤翔于野。所产米粟，名曰桂花球，今均已杳然。时嘉鱼之浮跃，间好鸟之嘤鸣。殿宇巍峨，池籞严以望幸兮，于以见承平之多豫；沃野麦青，耒耜载以就田兮，于以见黎民之乐生。小镇皆青砖古瓦，三雕精美，古色古香。

甫进山门，氤氲兮云霞之合，隐嶙兮台殿之矗。钟磬之音兮，砰焉而震于耳；金碧之光兮，烨焉而眩于目。但见金碧辉煌，楼台高耸，香烟缭绕，渺无人迹。其难能可贵者，系殿堂之内诸般泥塑，林林总总色彩纷呈，其目灼灼神形迥异，精美绝伦栩栩如生，极具才情。抚长剑兮玉珥，璆锵鸣兮琳琅。端地鬼斧神工独具匠心惟妙惟肖。

其精雕细刻炉火纯青登峰造极无与伦比跃然眼帘，出神入化美轮美奂巧夺天工活龙活现。余赞不绝口，实为喜丹青者习研之所。妙用无思无像，雕刻万型千状。非其它道观庙宇所能比拟。据传山长素喜文化艺术，擅笔墨丹青。庭列火焰般五星赤帜飞扬，门现长安画工王氏西京笔墨楹联。门左伫足践风火轮哪吒雕像一尊。

幢幡飘舞，宝盖飞辉。幢幡飘舞，凝空道道彩霞摇； 宝盖飞辉，映日翩翩红电彻。世尊金像貌臻臻，罗汉玉容威烈烈。 瓶插仙花，炉焚檀降。瓶插仙花，锦树辉辉漫宝刹；炉焚檀降，香云霭霭透清霄。时新果品砌朱盘，奇样糖酥堆彩案。道长罗列诵真经，愿拔孤魂离苦难。

太乙天尊，华夏至上之神也。古称太一神，始于上古，功载春秋，盛于秦汉。后世道教尊之曰太乙救苦天尊。又称东极青华大帝、寻声救苦天尊、青玄九阳上帝。与南极长生大帝并侍玉皇大帝左右，位高权重。太乙坛高凌紫氛，宫中夜夜延神君。老子说经天下传，太乙承钵法绵延。清净灵通，周流三界。千变万化，统摄阴阳。体用真常，无穷极矣。 观彼孤魂，深宜哀愍。 选集诸道，参禅讲法。大开方便门庭，广运慈悲舟楫，普济苦海群生，脱免沉疴六趣。引归真路，普玩鸿蒙。动止无为，混成纯素。仗此良因，邀赏清都绛阙；乘吾胜会，脱离地狱樊笼。

其居于青华长乐界东极妙严宫，能引渡受苦亡魂往生。对于积德行善、晓道明玄而功德圆满之人，太乙天尊乘九头狮子仙驭，散百宝之祥光，接引其登天成仙。五色祥云布瑞气，九头狮子佑民安。

太乙天尊于道门中具崇高地位，以其大圣大慈、大悲大愿，寻声赴感，救苦救难，故在信众心目中存深厚信仰础石。

太乙之宫，道家之胜境，位于秦岭北麓之翠华，古名太乙山。其地广袤约八亩，建筑之风以汉唐为主，朴素庄严。宫观为进深之院，左右两侧为钟鼓楼。入山门则见文昌之殿，奉七曲文昌梓潼帝君。东侧有财神之殿供五路财神；西侧有慈航之殿，供奉慈航真人、送子娘娘、九天玄女。正中为大殿。此殿座北朝南，中奉太乙天尊，左右侍奉十方灵宝天尊、城隍、土地、文殊广法天尊、普贤真人等诸神祇。

宫中设有客堂一间，办公室一间，初房十六间，厨房斋堂各一间，公共卫浴室两间。大殿前建拜台及御道，东西两侧建木质结构之长安道协会客室、长安仙道书画院各一。院内广场中心设太极八卦造型。设铁香炉，玲珑宝塔、青石华表。

汉都长安，以终南为太乙。汉武帝元封二年，于长安东南郊今太乙宫镇，始建太乙宫为太乙祖庭，迄今二千一百余载矣。

晋光熙元年，惠帝修太乙宫，诏请楼观高道三洞法师梁谌主之。唐初立，高祖李渊诏令重修楼观及诸道观，终南太乙宫得以扩焉。后太宗尊奉佛教。

唐末战乱，太乙宫兵爨数至，仅存上下两宮基址及尊像。五代后晋时，因久旱，相国桑维翰亲至太乙山祈雨获应，后奏请朝廷太乙宮遂得以恢复重建。金末战乱频发，终南山羽流逃散栋宇倾颓，太乙宮再度湮没。元代全眞道贵盛，风行于神州北方。以全眞祖庭重阳宮为中心之终南山一带，高道云集。白云眞人綦志远主持太乙宮得以恢复重建。道教之盛元代为最。

嗣后太乙祖庭，历世沧桑，今翠华之巅，天池之侧，太乙坛已毁，唯余遗址尚存。昔建太乙宫于宫镇之中，今已颓顷，改建为宾舍。乡野耆老云，昔太乙宫之古庙，规模盛大，广袤三百余亩。今则为西安翻译学院西区及诸设施所据也。

太乙宫正殿为太乙天尊殿，坐北朝南，高六丈，占地约一亩，以汉唐建筑风格为主、粗柱灰瓦，斗拱硕大，虽无雕梁画栋但建筑整体气魄宏伟，朴实严整。大殿东西斗拱处分别悬挂，前中国道教协会闵智亭会长、任法融会长所题“尊道贵德”、“厚德载物”牌匾。大殿外墙贴有龙凤、暗八仙、仙鹤等砖雕壁画。

太乙天尊者，号东极宫中大慈仁者寻声赴感太乙也。乃玉清元始天尊于玄、元、始三炁中取九阳之精应化之身，历劫愿力无穷，为开三界之拔济接引，而应显十方之化号。凡人遇患难，祈祷天尊或诵念圣号，即解忧排难，化凶为吉，亦可功行圆满。至于天尊之形象，《道教灵验记》述之：天尊端坐于九色莲花座，四周九头狮子口吐火焰，簇拥宝座，头上环绕九色神光，放射万丈光芒，众多眞人、力士、金刚、神王、金童玉女侍卫身旁。其诞辰日为农历十一月十一日。宫殿森罗紫极高，楼台缥缈丹霞堕。福地灵区，蓬莱云洞。 清虚人事少，寂静道心生。 青鸟每传王母信，紫鸾常寄老君经。 不尽巍巍道德风，果然漠漠神仙宅。

文殊广场真人，形貌多异，有种种原型。常见者，头戴五幅宝冠，若童子之形，纯洁无瑕。左手持如意，喻智慧之利；右手执宝剑，断一切无明烦恼。身坐白莲台，表清净之志。坐骑狮子，威猛无匹，喻其智慧之威猛，可震慑魔怨。

普贤真人，大慈大悲，以十大愿为本愿。从一之礼敬诸神，至十之普皆回向，皆显眞人之度众心。普贤真人之心，无有退转，不可思议。一时行善，利益众生；一世行善，利益众生。普贤真人导众生行而不疲，乃其度众之愿也。

宫内设有太乙宫甄殿供奉太乙天尊，亦供奉十方灵宝天尊、文殊广法真人、普贤真人、金可记、崔致远，诸位神祇。人上金玉主，九州福禄神。财神庙供奉黑虎赵公明五路财神，比干财神、关圣帝君、范蠡财神、刘海财神。太乙宫慈航殿供奉慈航真人。另供奉九天玄女天尊、送子娘娘、文昌殿供奉文昌帝君，还有十王殿。威灵显应忠正王，火德星君一般。有经幢、签桶、铜磬、木鱼、法骨、花蜡、鲜花果品等等。故谓之长生不老神仙府，与天同寿道人家也。

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