如何用matlab画三维坐标图
上一篇文章讲完了工业机器人及其在市场上的应用,本篇文章继续对机器人行业进行调研,讲解机器视觉的内容,让我们来继续学习吧~
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十二、机器视觉
定义:机器视觉(Machine Vision)被称为机器人的眼睛,通过计算机来模拟眼睛进行图像采集,经过图像识别和处理提取信息,最终通过执行装置完成操作。
功能:识别、定位、测量、检测
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机器视觉的四类功能相比人眼视觉,具有图像采集和分析速度快、观测精度高、环境适应性强、客观性高、持续工作稳定性高等优势,因而可帮助终端使用者进行产品增质、成本降低以及生产数字化。
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市场规模:
GGII数据显示,从全球市场来看,2021年全球机器视觉市场规模约为 804 亿元,同比2020年增长12.15%,预计至2025年该市场规模将超过1200亿元,2022 年至2025年复合增长率约为12%;从中国市场来看,2021年中国机器视 觉市场规模138.16亿元(该数据未包含自动化集成设备规模),同比增长 46.79%,预计至2025年我国机器视觉市场规模将达到349亿元。
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目前中国已是继美国、日本之后的第三大机器视觉领域应用市场。
应用领域:机器视觉目前主要应用在消费电子、汽车、食品、制药等领域。
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产业链:上游零部件、中游系统、下游行业
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结构:光源、相机、软件
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光源:光源是指用于为工业机器视觉应用场景提供照明的系统,主要包括光源和控制器。
光源主要分为LED 光源、卤素灯和高频荧光灯三种,其中最为常用的为LED光源。
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按形状可划分为环形光源、条形光源、平面光源、 线光源、点光源、同轴光源等,不同的形状结构可提供不同的亮度、强度、照射角度、照射面积及颜色组合等,适用于不同的机器视觉应用场景。
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玩家:日本CCS、Moritex、美国Ai、法国Phlox光源、国内奥普特为龙头,沃德普、康视达、锐视光电、纬朗光电等。
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工业相机:用于工业领域的视觉相机为工业相机。
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玩家:德国巴斯勒,美国特利丹DALSA、康耐视、日本基恩士、索尼、德国Allied Vision、韩国Vieworks等,国内海康威视、大华科技、大恒科技、维视图像。
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镜头:镜头的主要作用是将目标成像在图像传感器的光敏面上,主要参数有焦距、景深(Depth of Field)、分辨率、工作距离、视场(Field of View)等。
按焦距可分为定焦镜头和变焦镜头,根据光圈可分为固定光圈和可变光圈,根据视场大小可分为摄远镜头、普通镜头和广角镜头,还有远心镜头、显微镜头、微距镜头、紫外镜头和红外镜头等。
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冷加工:镀膜、荒折(粗磨)、砂挂(精磨)、抛光、芯取(磨边)等工序构成了光学冷加工的基本工艺。
玩家:全球范围德系徕卡、施耐德、卡尔蔡司,日系 CBC、Kowa、茉丽特、尼康、富士等光学巨头,国内普密斯、东正光学和慕藤光布局中低端市场。
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软件:软件平台主要指开发环境,包括C#、LabVIEW、MATLAB等通用工具和Halcon、Vision Pro等专用工具。
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开发包是基于软件平台对各种常用图像处理算法进行封装,用以实现对图像分割、提取、识别和判断等功能,例如维视图像的 MVIPS 图像处理软件。
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图像处理软件领域主要由美、德等国主导,主要厂商包括美国康耐视Cognex、德国Mvtec、日本欧姆龙Adept 等,软件的底层算法基本被以上厂商垄断,国内创科视觉、海康威视、奥普特、维视图像等。
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技术路线:2D视觉无法获得物体的空间坐标信息,随着工业控制对精确度和自动化的要求越来越高,3D机器视觉变得更受欢迎,目前市场上涌现出标准化3D视觉软、硬件产品,产业链已初步形成。
3D视觉成像可分为光学和非光学成像方法,光学方法包括ToF飞行时间、结构光投影、相机阵列、激光扫描、双目立体视觉等。
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特点:
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玩家:日本基恩士、美国康耐视
中国主要有海康、奥普特、天准科技、矩子科技、大恒、美亚光电、思泰克、征图新视、华周测控等。
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历史:20世纪50年代,Gilson 提出“光流”这一概念,并基于相关统计模型发展了逐像素的计算模式,开始研究二维图像的统计模式识别。
20世纪60年代,美国学者Roberts 用计算机从2D图像中提取三维结构,开始进行三维机器视觉研究。
20世纪70年代,MIT人工智能实验室开设机器视觉课程,DavidMarr开创“自下而上”通过计算机视觉捕捉物体形象方法。
20世纪80-90年代,视觉公司开发出第一代图像处理产品。
21世纪,机器视觉产品在下游行业得到了广泛应用,各个行业开始寻求视觉检测方案。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t018cff74d23e1a3105.jpg)
作者:new bo;微信公众号:new bo
本文由 @new bo 原创发布于人人都是产品经理。未经许可,禁止转载
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毋傅选4819matlab如何绘制三维曲面图 -
邓肾治19813079903 ______ 三维曲面图,可以用surf或mesh命令;三维曲面图,案例:xx=linspace(-1,1,50); yy=linspace(-2,2,100); [x,y]=meshgrid(xx,yy); z=x.^2+2*y.^2; surf(x,y,z) 结果:参考:http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/304779250949044964 希望对你有帮助,欢迎交流!
毋傅选4819matlab如何用3组数据绘制三维曲面 -
邓肾治19813079903 ______ 3组数据就是曲面的x,y,z坐标,程序根据要求不同而异,程序可这样写: [x,y,z]=meshgrid(linspace(-5,5)); val=(x.^2 + (9/4)*y.^2 + z.^2 - 1).^3 - x.^2.*z.^3 - (1/9)*y.^2.*z.^3;%isosurface(x,y,z,val,0) p = patch(isosurface(x,y,z,val,0)); isonormals(x,y,z,val,p) ...
毋傅选4819用matlab画二维三维图基本方法 -
邓肾治19813079903 ______ 二维的: 1、如果是利用离散点来画图,那么用plot命令 2、如果是利用函数表达式画图,那么永ezplot命令 三维的,plot3命令
毋傅选4819如何应用matlab画三维图形并用不同的颜色表示出来? -
邓肾治19813079903 ______ 3.三维表面图形的着色三维表面图实际上就是在网格图的每一个网格片上涂上颜色.surf函数用缺省的着色方式对网格片着色.除此之外,还可以用shading命令来改变着色...
毋傅选4819如何在matlab中绘制三维立体图 -
邓肾治19813079903 ______ mesh命令 plot3命令 等等
毋傅选4819matlab 如何画出立体感强的三维图像 -
邓肾治19813079903 ______ 不论!你是用什么画?如果你没搞懂透视的原理情况下,你是制作不出来,效果很好立体画的,个人观点!!! 再看看别人怎么说的.
毋傅选4819如何用matlab绘制三维函数图象? -
邓肾治19813079903 ______ 要是画三维的线条呢,就用plot3(); 要是画三维的条形图呢,就用stem3(); 要是画三维的面呢,就用surf(); 要是画三维的球呢,就用sphere(); 要是画三维的椭球呢就用ellipsoid(); 要是画三维的柱面呢,就用cylinder(); 具体用法自己help,兄弟,你还想要3维的啥?~
毋傅选4819如何用MATLAB画函数三维图像 -
邓肾治19813079903 ______ 楼上办法可以 但也可以是这样 或许更方便一点 syms x y >> I=100;H=100; >> E=I*H/(x^2+y^2+H^2); >> ezmesh(x,y,E) 把最后一句换成ezmesh(x,y,E,[-10 10 0 10])
毋傅选4819关于MATLAB画三维函数图 -
邓肾治19813079903 ______ x = 0.8:.0005:1.2;y = 25:.05:50;[X,Y] = meshgrid(x,y);Z = X.*sin(Y).^2.*cos(Y).*(1-sin(Y)/2).*(1-Y/90);mesh(X,Y,Z);zmax = max(Z(:)) zmax = 0.4312
毋傅选4819matlab画三维函数 -
邓肾治19813079903 ______ x=linspace(0,550,50); y=linspace(-150,150,50); [x y]=meshgrid(x,y); z=0.5*atan((y.^2-22500)./(x.*y)); mesh(x,y,z);