室外台阶踏步做法图集
屋面工程是建筑工程质量管理的重点部位,也是创优工程评审中的重点检查对象,屋面工程涵盖专业多,比较全面地反应了施工现场的质量管理水平。本文基于中建四局在建项目执行的标准化图集,看一看屋面工程质量如何创优?
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t019d76305449ff5af3.png?size=817x583)
一
出屋面管道
穿屋面管道防渗漏做法:
1、穿屋面管道必须预埋带止水翼环的套管,严禁管根处砼二次浇注。
2、管根周边250mm范围内基层应做高度不小于30mm的斜坡,根部预留20mm宽、20mm深的凹槽填密封膏。
3、套管高出建筑完成面不小于250mm。
4、防水收头用金属箍紧固并用密封材料封严,套管与管间的缝隙应用柔性材料(沥青麻丝等)填充密实,并用密封胶将端部封堵严密。
5、管根做高度不小于300mm,厚度不小于50mm的砼墩防水保护层。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01b3a75c1c0e9f8d46.png?size=1082x852)
出屋面管道根部防渗漏节点做法
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f4605f7d68eb3180.png?size=629x734)
带止水翼环导管
通气管:
1、通气管不得与风道或烟道连接,高出屋面完成面300mm,屋顶有隔热层应从隔热层板面算起。
2、在经常有人停留的平屋顶上,通气管应高出屋面2m,并应根据防雷要求设置防雷装置。
3、PVC通气管可使用砖墙砌筑保护。
4、管道护墩应与管道同心,与管道及屋面应结合严密、交界清晰。
5、相近规格管道护墩高度应一致,纵横成一条线。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01d80daa0789f063e4.png?size=638x845)
上人屋面排气管
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0166f86cc3b6e02e2b.png?size=1109x1189)
通气管防雷连接
烟道、风井:
1、平屋面烟道超出建筑物完成面至少600mm,且不得低于女儿墙高度。坡屋面应根据排出口周围遮挡物的高度、距离和积雪深度等因素确定。
2、烟道四周应增设防水附加层,宽度和高度不小于300mm。
3、棱角方正、阳角对应、线条顺直、成行成线。
4、下口、盖板边缘阳角抹鹰嘴,底部泛水高度不小于250mm,顶部盖板找坡不小于5%。
5、洞口应安装百叶。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t016ad7a6b80f066f33.png?size=538x723)
防水处理
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f2c929a47e6c6969.png?size=1128x1006)
成型效果
排气管:
1、排气管道外壁包裹一层玻璃布,防止保温层中颗粒将管道上的排气孔堵死。
2、根据屋面的情况按规范要求间距布置排气管道,排气管道要纵横贯通,在保温层内形成有效的排气网。
3、在排气管道上设置排气出口,在排气管出口处要做防水处理,防水层高度距完成面不低于250mm。
4、排气孔应位置正确、成行成线、居分格缝中心,高度一致,底座尺寸一致。
5、排气孔保护墩与屋面结合处打胶处理。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0181ffe966f859abf1.png?size=1226x861)
排气管排列整齐
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0184a01ff9b295ce55.png?size=978x795)
排气管出口
二
泛水
1、女儿墙与屋面交接处做成圆弧型,卷材顺女儿墙铺贴至女儿墙顶端檐下,卷材收头的端部裁齐,收头用金属压条钉压牢固,用密封膏封闭压条上口及固定点处。
2、女儿墙阴阳角部位设置45°倒角。在镶贴屋面圆弧转角处地砖时,屋面地砖铺贴到圆弧的结束处,在地砖与圆弧的交界处设置凹槽,槽内填塞密封胶。
3、屋面泛水高度应超过完成面250mm。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t015bec917d3fece7ac.png?size=1227x956)
阴角处理效果
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t012ac89874daebf7ca.png?size=1101x856)
阳角处理效果
三
女儿墙
1、屋面女儿墙导墙应与屋面结构板一同浇筑,宜在女儿墙泛水上方防水收头位置预留凹槽;女儿墙和山墙的压顶向内排水坡度不应小于5%,压顶内侧下端应做成鹰嘴或滴水槽。
2、女儿墙防水卷材铺贴完毕后,在其表面采用纤维混合水泥砂浆抹灰,设置分格缝,分格缝间距不大于6m并与屋面分格缝对应,缝宽20mm,分格缝用密封膏封闭。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01c5014094178ef193.webp?size=589x949)
细部做法
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0134151b28a476dba2.png?size=785x582)
滴水线
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t018fb9530f3ea2f2ae.png?size=940x466)
分格缝
四
檐沟、天沟和过水口
1、排水沟深度、宽度和坡度满足设计及排水要求,沟内不应积水。
2、屋面天沟内水落口纵向500mm范围内找坡为5%,范围外坡度≥1%。
3、卷材防水层应由沟底翻上到沟外沿顶部,卷材收头应用水泥钉固定,并用密封材料封严。
4、檐沟外侧顶部及侧面均应抹聚合物水泥砂浆,其下端做成鹰嘴或滴水槽。
5、可采用预留管做过水口,管径不得小于75mm并满足设计要求,管口底部标高同相邻屋面完成最低处;预埋管两端周围与混凝土接触处应留凹槽,并用密封材料封严。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01edc09d4dc6f6776e.png?size=1113x852)
过水管
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t011016a0b04bdc1cff.png?size=1067x757)
屋面天沟
五
水落口
1、高跨屋面向低跨屋面排水时,在低屋面排水口处设置水簸箕;在其他室外排水管采取散排的排水口处设置 相同样式的水簸箕。
2、水落口杯上口的标高应设置在沟底的最低处。
3、水落口周围直径500mm范围内的坡度不应小于5%,周围外设20mm宽凹槽,用密封膏嵌填。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t010283d21f77102842.png?size=1140x922)
水簸箕
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01dffad172b09b3af9.jpg?size=1372x1016)
水落口
六
屋面变形缝
1、缝口处应用伸缩片覆盖,缝内应填充聚苯板或沥青麻丝,上部填放衬垫材料,并用卷材封盖,接缝处要用油膏封严密。
2、顶部加扣金属板并铺钉牢固,搭接缝应顺流水方向,并做好防锈处理。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t016a5b0a5ac0ce7742.webp?size=952x792)
细部做法
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f570cd1f0596cc7d.jpg?size=1294x1082)
变形缝立面实施效果
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t012755568c0ee948c2.jpg?size=1346x994)
变形缝平面实施效果
七
设备基础
较大型:
1、四周面层喷涂料或真石漆。
2、根部与屋面面层预留20mm宽分格缝。
3、基础排布成行成列、周围应整砖排布且与屋面缝格对应,表面平整、棱角顺直、排布均匀。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0151e6d113eaf83d7b.webp?size=936x684)
细部做法
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01fbf293afbd59f2d9.png?size=781x553)
整体效果
较小型:
1、基础四周用细石混凝土做R=100的八字脚,四周面层喷涂料或真石漆。
2、泛水根部高出屋面20mm,与屋面面层预留20mm宽分格缝。
3、设备基础周围应整砖排布且与屋面缝格对应,表面平整、棱角顺直、排布均匀。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0159874a3d0eaec3bf.webp?size=952x617)
细部做法
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01da0208f37f4a35ec.png?size=1244x902)
整体效果
八
屋面出入口及雨蓬
1、屋面泛水高度不小于250mm,防水收至门框下口。
2、屋面台阶最大高度不大于160mm,最小宽度不小于260mm,踏步宽窄一致。
3、室外台阶与室内台阶顶标高应对应。
4、门洞上方应设置雨蓬,雨蓬宽度和悬挑长度应满足设计要求,雨蓬距门顶高度设计无要求时不大于500mm。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t014df75ca550451116.webp?size=866x453)
细部做法
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0113d1a62c4cb126c8.png?size=740x427)
出屋面雨蓬
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0194ac038623217a15.jpg?size=1234x1074)
整体效果
九
面层
1、面层砖镶贴时应双向留缝,缝宽10mm,采用1:1水泥砂浆勾缝。当屋顶面积较大时,不大于6m×6m设置变形缝,留置20mm宽缝,用柔性防水材料填缝。
2、面层排砖应考虑整体效果美观,应尽量采用整砖排布,若出现非整砖,其宽度不宜小于整砖宽度的2/3或变色做装饰带。
3、分隔缝间距统一,横平竖直。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f678f550c4d614e5.png?size=716x559)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01510ec15527b978bb.png?size=1307x932)
整体效果
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徐鹏侧5074室外台阶地面到门口总高63公分,如何设计成五步台阶 ? -
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