《百幅京剧人物图》是清末设色绢本京剧人物图包含一百幅京剧人物造型装扮图。描绘得细致入微,就连服饰上的挂件也勾勒的十分清楚,可以说,这本人物图册,是一部十分详细地早期京剧角色图。此图册现藏于美国大都会艺术博物馆。
京剧是中华民族的艺术瑰宝,以其无限的艺术魅力被称为“国粹”。京剧用歌舞演绎故事,是包括文学、音乐、舞蹈、武术、美术、杂技等各艺术行类的综合体现。
京剧又称平剧、京戏,中国戏曲三鼎甲“榜首”,已有200多年历史,享誉海内外,有“国剧”之称。京剧是具有世界级影响的大剧种。它的行当全面、表演成熟、气势宏美,是近代中国汉族戏曲的代表。
京剧行当的划分,除依据人物的自然属性(性别、年龄)和社会属性(身份、职业)外,主要是按人物的性格特征来分类。京剧班社旧有“七行七科”之说 :七行即生行、旦行(亦称占行)、净行、丑行、杂行、武行、流行。
京剧舞台上的一切都不是按照生活里的原貌出现的。京剧舞台上的角色也不是按照生活当中人的本来面貌出现的,而是根据所扮演角色的性别、性格、年龄、职业以及社会地位等,在化妆、服装各方面加以若干艺术的夸张,这样就把舞台上的角色划分成为生、旦、净、丑四种类型。这四种类型在京剧里的专门名词叫做“行当”。
生
除了花脸以及丑角以外的男性正面角色的统称,分老生(又分重唱的安工老生,重做的衰派老生,重武的靠把老生)、武生(分长靠武生、短打武生并应工猴儿戏)、小生(分扇子生、雉尾生、穷生、武小生) 、红生 、娃娃生。
旦
女性正面角色的统称,分青衣(正旦)、花旦、闺门旦、刀马旦、武旦、彩旦。
净
俗称花脸,大多是扮演性格、品质或相貌上有些特异的男性人物,化妆用脸谱,音色洪亮,风格粗犷。“净”又分为以唱功为主的大花脸,分正净(重唱功,称铜锤、黑头)、架子花(重工架)、武二花、摔打花、油花(一称毛净)。
丑
扮演喜剧角色,因在鼻梁上抹一小块白粉,俗称小花脸。分文丑(分方巾丑、袍带丑、老丑、荣衣丑,并兼演彩旦、婆子)、武丑(又称开口跳)等。各个行当都有一套表演程式,在唱念做打的技艺上各具特色。
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秋炎哗3875若以整个蒸汽动力装置为分析对象,它是闭口系统,若以其中某个设备为...
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秋炎哗3875...回答以下两个问题)①只是堵住U型连通器的一端,无论是倾斜连通器还是往另一端开口加水,U型连通器中的两侧水面都不会相平,这是为什么呢?②如果... -
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