指甲有坑和凹陷
前几天有粉丝给我留言,说“科大大,快说说指甲白点,太焦虑了。”
前不久她跟婆婆带娃上母婴店买零食,店员抓着孩子的指甲,说有白点,缺钙铁锌了,随后推荐了一堆钙铁锌补剂。
宝妈内心是拒绝的,但奶奶深信不疑,非要买。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01a3df6e29e96e14a7.jpg)
图片来源:科学家庭育儿原创
虽然最后没买成,但奶奶自那之后老捏着孩子的指甲说“缺钙长不高咯”之类的话。
宝妈倍感压力,慢慢开始怀疑起自己的科学性了,指甲白点真是缺钙吗?
听完这位宝妈的“苦水”,科大大哭笑不得。到底啥样的指甲性状,才需要引起注意?咱今天来唠一唠。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01cf7a20148441f354.jpg)
01
点状白甲
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t015f3c58a7cfa5db21.jpg)
图片来源:网络
点状白甲,指的是指甲上分布着不规则白色斑点。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01ea06d07138ba423d.jpg)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t017c155d9ac3ed04ca.jpg)
向左滑动查看真相
事实上,孩子吃手、咬指甲,或者不小心夹、砸到手,都可能导致白色斑点。
看到这儿,估计有家长会疑惑,我家娃有指甲白点前也没磕着、碰着呀?
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t016d69057fd84d6373.jpg)
图片来源:科学家庭育儿原创
那是因为受伤的甲床部位变成指甲长出来,显现出白点,大概需要9周左右的时间。
转头就忘记自己要干啥的大脑,估计够呛记得住娃9周前指甲碰没碰着吧(而且一般你也不会知道)。
虽说大部分白甲都不意味着孩子不健康,但线状白甲和部分白甲家长要引起重视,这意味着可能存在其他的原发疾病。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0123b07a4291cc46f9.jpg)
图片来源:科学家庭育儿原创
02
月牙过大/消失
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t015b0a31fb8dc62a30.jpg)
图片来源:强迫同事甲拍的
月牙,又称半月痕,指的是指甲里端的弧形部分。
月牙的形成,跟代谢有关。如果指甲生长迅速,新生指甲没有完全角化,看起来就会像一道乳白色的弯月。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0172ed3bb23a5d56a2.jpg)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t014948e179bc3e3a22.jpg)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t017045c337704a36aa.jpg)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01b583fb887fe2ea3b.jpg)
左右滑动查看
一句话总结:月痕大/小/多or少,问题都不大。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t011244250acd727111.jpg)
无月牙丨图源:同事乙半推半就拍的
但有一种情况需要警惕:短时间内月牙数量、大小突变。
比如原先是5个手指有月牙,突然变成10个手指都有;又或者是大小发生了非常大的变化。
临床上,月牙突然变大或增多,首先考虑甲状腺功能亢进;反之,则考虑甲状腺功能减退。
03
指甲薄软
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t019259dfed6740cff2.jpg)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01803a802ad1b4da9b.jpg)
向左滑动查看真相
虽说娃的指甲薄不是事儿,但如果薄且脆、易断,就要重视了,这可能存在真菌感染。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01a9b76d2dcea6dd61.jpg)
图片来源:科学家庭育儿原创
04
指甲过厚
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01757fd1d87917cc3f.jpg)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t014d332ce24116d725.jpg)
向左滑动查看真相
但如果指甲增厚还伴随着脱落、变黄、变灰等症状,就需要警惕是否有真菌感染等。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t013979cf8941f5c622.jpg)
图片来源:网络
05
竖纹
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f1abaac714e9ed5c.jpg)
图片来源:网络
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0188da65783b0c4e15.jpg)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01bccf952dbccec299.jpg)
向左滑动查看真相
竖纹的颜色如果跟指甲相近,一般没啥事,不过,当指甲出现黑色、红色竖纹时要引起重视。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01c763bb8fdcea8d5d.jpg)
图片来源:网络
黑色竖纹是甲母痣症状,绝大多数甲母痣是良性,但不排除癌变成黑色素瘤的风险。
红色竖纹可能有甲下出血、血管球瘤等,建议及时带娃上医院检查。
06
横纹
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t013c49b5932bea6e48.jpg)
图片来源:网络
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0184e317b7cc106941.jpg)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t014a027849a8e4468e.jpg)
向左滑动查看真相
07
指甲凹陷
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0194b215586b9436c4.jpg)
图片来源:网络
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01f65887fc6e7108a2.jpg)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01e7573c5c873f375b.jpg)
向左滑动查看真相
一般情况下指甲凹陷可能是磕碰撞、啃咬导致的。
但也可能存在:
①营养不良;
②其他疾病导致:银屑病、猩红热、腮腺炎、湿疹等;
③真菌感染。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01849909c9a1cf6d97.jpg)
图片来源:网络
当娃甲板沟沟壑壑、坑坑洼洼而你又拿捏不准原因时,建议上医院看看。
说完这些不确定的指甲性状,咱们下面再说一说,当孩子的指甲出现甲沟炎、脱落问题时,咱们该怎么办?
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01a29eeb18ef7d45da.jpg)
01
甲沟炎
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t015eae7d8883ea400c.jpg)
图片来源:网络
一般的甲沟炎多由修剪过短引起,鞋子太紧也会导致脚部甲沟炎。
牢记4点,谨防甲沟炎:
①不宜将孩子的指甲修剪过短,建议甲板与手指肉齐平。
不要剪成弧形,最好剪成平直状,嫌棱角扎的话用指甲锉打磨一下,以免孩子误伤自己。
②多大脚穿多大鞋,谨防脚部甲沟炎。
③不要强撕倒刺,当娃有倒刺时,一定要用剪刀剪。
④勤洗手洗脚,做好甲缝清洁护理。
另外,给爱美的宝妈们也提个醒,频繁美甲也会导致甲沟炎,一定要把握好度。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01490810a977f5ad09.jpg)
图片来源:同事丙自愿拍的
如果已经得了甲沟炎,不太严重的可以在家用双氧水冲洗,碘伏消毒,再涂抹些红霉素软膏。
如果严重或者反复炎症,建议带娃挂诊,在医生的指导下选用抗感染药物,有脓肿的话可手术切开引流。
02
指甲脱落
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0181998f32ac7630d4.jpg)
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t019512b4dad216715f.jpg)
指甲脱落要分清原因,对症下药。
※真菌感染
这种情况要及时带娃做好抗真菌治疗,可以涂一些类似5%阿莫罗芬、酮康唑软膏这样的抗真菌软膏。
此外,要保持好手部的卫生以及注意均衡饮食。
※外力伤害(如砸伤、砍伤)或手足口病
科大大曾经接诊过一个孩子,因为偷玩菜刀,把大拇指大半的指甲都劈翻了。
这种甲板已经离开甲床的外伤,甲板基本要做剪掉的处理,否则可能因为拉扯造成二次伤害。
外伤、手足口病导致的指甲脱落,日常护理时建议家长用碘伏做好消毒工作,且注意不要让孩子的手碰到水。
好了,关于指甲的科普就到这儿了。
最后给大家做个总结吧:从指甲性状判断身体健康情况是较为复杂的问题。
如果你们因指甲性状怀疑娃营养不良或患有其他疾病时,建议带娃去正规医院挂皮肤科诊断,别瞎猜瞎用药,更别听母婴店胡说八道。
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邬成便3302指甲上有一些小坑 - 久久问医
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