牙齿严重错位能矫正回来吗
儿童处在身体全面发育的动态生长过程会伴随着牙列发育、咬合关系的建立以及咀嚼肌的协调等问题。小时候的错颌畸形会通过骨和肌肉的发育影响长大后的面型,严重的错颌畸形会直接影响咀嚼功能及颞下颌关节的疾病,进一步会影响孩子的心理健康。因此,传统观念认为“只有12岁后才能矫牙”并不科学,部分牙颌异常必须早期干预。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t017fdcbc5010feff5e.jpg)
那,哪些孩子需要早期牙齿矫正呢?
1.反颌
俗称“地包天”,是我国儿童常见的错颌畸形,对口腔功能,颜面美观及心理健康有较严重影响。一般乳前牙反颌可在3-5岁左右进行治疗,替牙期及恒牙早期也是地包天的适宜治疗期,对于已经造成上颌发育不足,面部凹陷的患者,要及时治疗促进上颌骨的发育,达到事半功倍的效果。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t016fa2032857be71ce.jpg)
2.偏颌
由于一侧的牙齿龋坏或缺失,长期用另外一侧吃东西,导致双侧脸型不对称,严重影响孩子的心理健康。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01eced933b9cace8c9.jpg)
3.严重的大龅牙
严重的“龅牙”会极大程度影响孩子的学业和社交,应及时矫正。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01fe81f570e25bc41e.jpg)
4.下颌后缩
下颌发育不足,俗称“鸟嘴”,不仅影响儿童面部美观,同时会限制上颌牙齿的发育,最终影响口腔功能。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t018eb946a6cf0dbdae.jpg)
5.乳牙早失
乳牙过早脱落,会使局部颌骨发育不足,缺牙的位置可因邻牙移位导致部分间隙被占据,从而使恒牙错位萌出或埋伏阻生。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t019d73a945b7e3a69f.jpg)
6.乳牙滞留
乳牙未按时脱落,会影响后继接班恒牙萌出受阻,出现萌出顺序异常,导致咬合紊乱。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t013d5f0145896f2d0e.jpg)
7.多生牙
口腔内特别是上门牙间多生牙常占据着正常牙的位置,导致正常牙出现错位或萌出障碍。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t018e1914d12bbac8b2.jpg)
8.唇舌系带异常
常伴随门牙间出现较大缝隙及影响发音。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01fb4656f63aa4003d.jpg)
9.不良口腔习惯
包括不良唇习惯、不良吮指习惯、不良舌习惯等。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t0191dca68a2813134f.jpg)
10.恒牙早失
对于恒牙来说,“六龄齿”龋坏率最高,失去六龄齿易导致牙齿排列不齐,且加大医生的矫治难度,因此需特别保护。
![](https://p0.ssl.img.360kuai.com/t01a4ad18f9e91bf82b.jpg)
来源:山东大学附属儿童医院
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