用键盘弹出u盘
作者：营在北京
前面写过《28元玩客云玩转ha》，可能有网友感觉玩客云配置太低了，想用性能更好的设备安装homeassistant来玩转智能家居。今天就给大家带来CM311-1A及M401A、斐讯N1等设备安装home assistant的教程。
一、刷可以USB启动的安卓固件
无论是斐讯N1还是CM311-1A或M401A，大家拿到手的时候固件可能各种各样的都有，所以很难统一给大家写一份教程。但总结起来无非就是安卓固件可以开启adb，然后通过adb输入reboot update或用开心助手连接后选择U盘启动，让设备从U盘启动。
对于N1大家可以选择webpad的2.2固件。对于CM311-1A或M401A大家可以选择网上的CM311-1a_安卓9-S905L3A没无线版沙发桌面线刷包.img刷机包。下面是详细过程。
1、下载安卓线刷包和刷机工具
刷机需要准备线刷固件包，CM311-1A可用的固件包，主要有CM311-1a_安卓9-S905L3A没无线版沙发桌面线刷包.img，线刷CM311-1A和线刷N1一样（毕竟他们都是晶晨S905系CPU） 需要刷机软件Amlogic_USB_Burning_Tool_v2.2.0和双公头USB线
2、加载刷机包
打开Amlogic_USB_Burning_Tool并加载线刷包，并插上双公头USB线，一端插电脑，一端插电视盒子靠近网口的USB
勾选 “擦除flash”和“擦除bootloader”，然后点击开始即可
3、刷机
短接进入线刷模式
拆开设备底部螺丝，拆除电路板，找到4R32用镊子或导线短接，保持短接的同时给机顶盒上电
刷机软件就可以开始刷机了
等待刷机完成，点击停止并拔下USB线和机顶盒电源即可
4、重新上电开机
刷完机之后开机界面如下，进入设置找到CM311-1A或M401A的IP地址待用
二、做U盘armbian固件
1、下载ophub大佬做的armbian固件
ophub大佬的armbian项目支持的设备越来越多，比如常见的斐讯N1或T1，还有最近比较火的M401A及CM311-1A。
从下图网址下载我们要用的CM311-1A固件
2、解压写入U盘
把前面下载的固件解压后用win32diskimager软件写入U盘
修改dtb文件
因为我刷机的设备型号为M401A，所以dtb改为了meson-g12a-s905l3a-m401a.dtb
保存修改然后弹出U盘备用
三、写入emmc
1、putty连接设备
打开开心助手，输入刚才看到的设备IP。点击连接进行连接
连接成功如下图所示
2、USB启动
按照下图选择调试晶晨芯片从U盘/SD卡启
等关机后迅速把前面准备的armbian系统U盘插到盒子USB口
设备会重启，重启后显示屏会跑码显示armbian启动过程
3、写入emmc
等显示器显示启动完成后，输入账号root，密码1024回车或者电脑putty连接盒子
然后再输入armbian-install回车
我的设备是M401A，所以我选择306回车，然后选择文件格式1回车
写入完成后如下图所示
然后可以输入poweroff回车关机了，关机后拔掉U盘重新上电开机即可
四、安装homeassistant
1、换源
可以直接给设备接上键盘和显示器直接操作，也可以在电脑上用putty连接盒子。我以putty连接设备为例操作
输入账号root密码1024后回车
nano /etc/apt/sources.list
删掉原来的内容粘贴如下内容
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
2、安装必须的软件
apt update
apt install -y python3-dev python3-venv python3-pip libffi-dev libssl-dev libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf build-essential libopenjp2-7 libtiff5 libturbojpeg0-dev libpcap-dev tzdata
3、创建用户
useradd -rm ha -G dialout
passwd ha
usermod -aG sudo ha
4、创建虚拟环境
mkdir /srv/ha
chown ha:ha /srv/ha
sudo -u ha -H -s
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
cd /srv/ha
python3 -m venv .
source bin/activate
5、安装homeassistant
继续输入下面的命令安装homeassistant
python3 -m pip install wheel
pip3 install homeassistant
安装成功后如下图所示
输入下面的命令启动homeassistant
hass
此时在同一局域网内的电脑浏览器输入盒子IP:8123,会出现如下创建ha的账号，按提示完成ha账号注册登录
启动完成后输入下面的命令退出
按下ctrl+C终止当前命令
deactivate
su
6、配置自启动
nano /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]
然后粘贴如下内容
[Unit]
Description=Home Assistant
After=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=simple
User=%i
WorkingDirectory=/home/%i/.homeassistant
ExecStart=/srv/ha/bin/hass -c "/home/%i/.homeassistant"
RestartForceExitStatus=100
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
输入下面的命令让ha自启动服务生效
systemctl --system daemon-reload
systemctl enable home-assistant@ha
systemctl restart home-assistant@ha
五、搞定蓝牙
1、winscp上传蓝牙文件到设备
先上传蓝牙所需文件rtl8761b_config
再上传rtk_hciattach文件
然后赋予该文件执行权限
添加开机自动设置蓝牙程序
ctrl+X 退出Y回车保存退出
2、安装蓝牙软件
在命令行输入armbian-config回车
按下图安装蓝牙软件
3、重启
蓝牙出现了
ha蓝牙自动发现的小米蓝牙设备
总结
CM311-1A和M401A等设备2+16G的配置比玩客云的1+8高了一倍，非常适合用来安装homeassistant开源智能家居，并且自带蓝牙，可以作为蓝牙网关，把小米米家蓝牙传感器设备接入homeassistant成为超级中枢网关。
本文为homeassistant玩转智能家居文章的第二篇
第一篇《28元玩客云玩转全屋智能-安装homeassistant最新版保姆教程》主要介绍了我们为什么需要homeassistant以及玩客云安装homeassistant的方法
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M401A变身超级智能家居中枢homeassistant，还要什么小米蓝牙中枢网关
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