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电工必须掌握12种接线图

来源：baiyundou.net   日期：2024-09-29

电工们看看吧，上百种电路，不一定你们都懂一、日光灯类：























































二、断路器、接触器控制回路：
























三、电动机



































































延时






















四：热电偶


































五、电能表






























































六、其他






























电工电路中断路器和交流接触器接线图

断路器主要用作供电线路的保护开关、电动机及照明系统的控制开关，也可用于输、配电系统的某些重要环节。当线路发生短路、过载、欠压等故障时切断故障电路.
　　接触器在机床中用于频繁的接通和分断大电流的电路，具有动作迅速、操作方便和便于远距离控制的特点，但本身不具备短路保护和过载保护能力，因此必须与熔断器、热继电器配合使用.

　　接触器的接线方法有很多种，用的地方不一样，接线方法也不一样，这里指的是接触器的单一接法和多个接触器的接法，一般最常见的就是利用断路器、

按钮开关、热继电器、延时继电器、数字继电器等低压控制元器件产品组合。 其实，无论你用什么接触器其功能和工作原理都是一样，无非是外形不一样。

　　主触头：三个主触头（用来接主控制电路）。

　　辅助触头：现在常用的接触器有CJX1、CJX2接触器这两个产品在辅助触头上有区别，CJX1是由四组辅助触点，可分为2NO(常开）、2NC(常闭），而CJX2从9A-32A都是有一组辅助触头，可组装成 10表示常开；01表示常闭。

　　控制电源：这里就是我们说的线圈电压，正常使用的一般为220V,380V,特殊伏数有12V，24V，36V，48V，72V，110V等。


　　以下介绍电工施工中一些断路器和接触器控制回路接线图:

CJ10-10接触器控制电路

 

接触器接线图-电路实例讲解

 

接触器接线图

　　顺序启动、停止控制电路是在一个设备启动之后另一个设备才能启动运行的一种控制方法，常用于主、辅设备之间的控制，如上图当辅助设备的接触器KM1启动之后，主要设备的接触器KM2才能启动，主设备KM2不停止，辅助设备KM1也不能停止。但辅助设备在运行中应某原因停止运行（如FR1动作），主要设备也随之停止运行。

工作过程：

　　1、合上开关QF使线路的电源引入。

　　2、按辅助设备控制按钮SB2，接触器KM1线圈得电吸合，主触点闭合辅助设备运行，并且KM1辅助常开触点闭合实现自保。

　　3、按主设备控制按钮SB4，接触器KM2线圈得电吸合，主触点闭合主电机开始运行，并且KM2的辅助常开触点闭合实现自保。

　　4、KM2的另一个辅助常开触点将SB1短接，使SB1失去控制作用，无法先停止辅助设备KM1。

　　5、停止时只有先按SB3按钮，使KM2线圈失电辅助触点复位（触点断开），SB1按钮才起作用。

　　6、主电机的过流保护由FR2热继电器来完成。

　　7、辅助设备的过流保护由FR1热继电器来完成，但FR1动作后控制电路全断电，主、辅设备全停止运行。

常见故障；

　　1、KM1不能实现自锁：

　　分析处理：

　　1)、KM1的辅助接点接错，接成常闭接点，KM1吸合常闭断开，所以没有自锁。

　　2)、KM1常开和KM2常闭位置接错，KM1吸合式KM2还未吸合，KM2的辅助常开时断开的，所以KM1不能自锁。

　　2、不能顺序启动KM2可以先启动；

　　分析处理：

　　KM2先启动说明KM2的控制电路有电，检查FR2有电，这可能是FR2接点上口的7号线，错接到了FR1上口的3号线位置上了，这就使得KM2不受KM1控制而可以直接启动。

　　3、不能顺序停止KM1能先停止；

　　分析处理：

　　KM1能停止这说明SB1起作用，并接的KM2常开接点没起作用。分析原因有两种。

　　1)、 并接在SB1两端的KM2辅助常开接点未接。

　　2)、 并接在SB1两端的KM2辅助接点接成了常闭接点。

　　4、SB1不能停止；

　　分析处理：

　　检查线路发现KM1接触器用了两个辅助常开接点，KM2只用了一个辅助常开接点，SB1两端并接的不是KM2的常开而是KM1的常开，由于KM1自锁后常开闭合所以SB1不起作用。

两台电动机顺序起动、顺序停止电路接线示意图 

另介绍一种改进交流接触器接线方法:

　　交流接触器等电气设备的接线端子有很多是采用拱形垫片的。这种接线方法对一个接线端子接一个线头是不成问题的，但要同时接几个线头或粗细不等的线头时，就会产生接触不紧密、螺钉易松动的现象。尤其当接触器用于频繁吸合和释放时，接线端子上的螺钉更易松动。这样就使拱形垫片与线头之间的接触电阻增大，甚至脱离，造成电气设备不动作或发生单相运转等故障。针对上述情况，交流接触器接线端子是拱形垫片时的正确接线方法应是：

　　先在拱形垫片下加两个平垫圈，接线时先把细线或软线弯成一大半圆圈，套在两个平垫圈之间，然后把粗线压在拱形垫片下，把螺钉拧紧，这样无论怎样振动，都和接线端子只接一个线头一样牢固和安全。



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沃帘梵2997配电箱接线图 - 三相380伏进线配电箱应该怎么接?我新买的房子是三相380伏进线
徒陈俊18614219367 ______ 380V电源进户应该是五线制,三根相线、一根零线、一根地线.三根相线一般分黄、绿、红三种颜色,分别接入总开关的上口分L1、L2、L3.配电箱内应有零线、地线端子排,零线用N表示一般为蓝色,地线用PE表示一般为黄、绿双色,零线和地线分别接在零、地端子排上. 如果是四线,那应该做一组重复接地,用φ15镀锌钢管或φ12镀锌圆钢(长2.5米)砸入地下,三根钢管间隔5米,用4平方多股铜芯软线、或用镀锌扁铁连接起来进入配电箱接地端子排.然后零线端子排与地线端子排用4平方多股铜芯软线连接起来就可以了.这样比较安全. 最好请一电工帮你接线.

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徒陈俊18614219367 ______ 朋友,380伏电源要带电接线这个是很危险的,但是如果经验老到的电工可以带电违章操作,具体方法是带上绝缘手套,穿上绝缘鞋,然后用钳子慢慢一根一根接入,记住不能两根相碰的.只要胆大心细就可以了.最好再接好第一根的时候用绝缘板挡在第二根线的中间,那样就比较安全了.

沃帘梵2997电工老师、高手帮我看看这个电工考试图怎么接线? 谢谢.帮看看了! -
徒陈俊18614219367 ______ 这是Y/△启动电气原理图,KM△是三角运行接触器,KMy是星形启动接触器. 图中黑点表示电气图中的导线连接点,同一个黑点上的线是连接的. 下面供你一个类似的实物接线图.可以帮你更好的理解原理图. 点击可以看大图.

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徒陈俊18614219367 ______ 电工常用计算口诀公式(1) 已知变压器容量,求其各电压等级侧额定电流 口诀 a : 容量除以电压值,其商乘六除以十. 说明:适用于任何电压等级. 在日常工作中,有些电工只涉及一两种电压等级的变压器额定电流的计算.将以上口诀简化...

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