电池爆炸产生什么气体
3月30日晚,广汽埃安发布了弹匣电池2.0,通过对电芯、模组以及整包层级的设计优化,进一步提升了电池安全系数。
相比于上一代,弹匣技术2.0增加了超稳电极界面、阻热相变材料以及电芯灭火系统这三项创新性安全技术,可以对电芯顶部和底部同时冷却,整体冷却效率提升了80%,同时降低了75%的电池包上盖板温度,进一步避免了电池包温度向乘员舱传递。
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灭火剂可以在吸热气化的同时,捕捉燃烧链式反应的自由基,形成惰性气体氛围,结合埃安的热失控气体排放处理技术,可以消除排气中的火星和99.5%的PM10颗粒物,这套技术就如同电池包里面的“微型消防队”,进一步提升了电池包的安全系数。
发布会上,最吸人眼球的当属子弹射击试验,在试验过程中,步枪会在距离电池包15m的位置发射子弹,相比针刺试验0.1mm/s的穿透速度,子弹设计时的穿透速度达到975000mm/s,是针刺的97.5万倍。
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同时,在子弹穿透电芯的过程中,巨大的能量会在电芯上留下直径大于60mm的创口,电芯的结构也会爆裂性损坏,而且针刺试验标准只需要模拟单电芯穿刺即可,而子弹射击则会同时导致多于2块电芯被击穿而发生热失控。
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磷酸铁锂电池枪击试验结果
射击试验后,弹匣2.0电池包发生了冒烟(持续时间6分36秒),相邻受体电池最高温度为185℃,未发生热蔓延,没有起火爆炸,拆开电池包外壳,整体结构完整,只有3个电芯爆裂性损坏,静置24小时候恢复至常温,这也是全球首次有电池整包能在子弹射击实验中实现不起火、无爆炸。
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弹匣电池2.0枪击试验
而反观参照组,无论是电芯单体还是模组,都被子弹穿透了,发生了爆裂性损坏,随后发生了起火燃烧,这也说明了弹匣电池技术2.0在安全性方面已经超过了目前主流的磷酸铁锂电池。
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