王守仁（1472--1529）

1472年10月31日，王阳明诞生于余姚北城瑞云楼。

王阳明，字伯安,初名云,更名为守仁.曾建舍于故乡阳明洞中,世称“王阳明”,浙江余姚人。明代哲学家、教育家。明弘治十二年（1499年）进士，授刑部主事，任兵部主事。因病告归后于会稽山龙瑞宫旁之阳明洞讲学，创立书院，世称"阳明先生"。病愈后复职，正德时期因反对太监刘瑾遭廷杖，流放贵州。至刘瑾被诛，复官，封新建伯，世称"新建先生"。官南京兵部尚书。卒谥文成。

王守仁是杰出的学者，也是著名哲学家，是中国哲学史上主观唯心主义的集大成者，初习程朱理学与佛学，后转陆九渊心学，提倡“心学”，断言“夫万事万物之理不外于吾心”，“心明便是天理”专心儒学，“格物致知”当自求诸心，不求诸事物，其学识影响巨大。

1529年1月9日，王阳明 病逝于江西南安府大庚县青龙港（今江西省大余县境内）舟中。作为无数名人敬仰的“古今第一完人”，他的书法也一直为后人所追崇。他的书法多以行草为主，师法王羲之。流传作品有《七言绝句》、《七言律诗》等。

今天我们欣赏的是他临终前一年，即1528年书写的《咏良知四绝示冯子仁卷》。

王文成公诗迹（王福庵篆）

问君何事日憧憧，

烦恼场中错用

功。道圣门无

口决，良知两字

是参同。个个人

心有仲尼，自将

闻见苦遮迷。而

今指与真头面，

只是良知更莫

疑。人人自有定

盘针，万化根原

总在心。却笑从

前颠倒见，枝枝叶

叶外头寻。无声

无臭独知时，此

是乾坤万有基。

抛却自家无尽

藏，沿门持钵效

贫儿。——冯子仁问

良知之说，旧尝

有四绝，遂书赠

之。阳明山人王

守仁，书时嘉靖

戊子九月望日

也。（后为章炳麟、马一浮跋）

王守仁《行书咏良知四绝示冯子仁卷》

洒金笺 ，29.5×1016cm

嘉靖七年（1528）

湖北省博物馆藏。

释文：

问君何事日憧憧，烦恼场中错用功。

莫道圣门无口决，良知两字是参同。

个个人心有仲尼，自将闻见苦遮迷。

而今指与真头面，只是良知更莫疑。

人人自有定盘针，万化根原总在心。

却笑从前颠倒见，枝枝叶叶外头寻。

无声无臭独知时，此是乾坤万有基。

抛却自家无尽藏，沿门持钵效贫儿。

款署：冯子仁问良知之说，旧尝有四绝，遂书赠之。阳明山人王守仁，书时嘉靖戊子九月望日也。

题跋：章炳麟、马浮（略）

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