《百家姓》是一部关于汉字姓氏的作品。按文献记载,成文于北宋初。原收集姓氏411个,后增补到504个,其中单姓444个,复姓60个。
《百家姓》采用四言体例,对姓氏进行了排列,而且句句押韵,虽然它的内容没有文理,但对于中国姓氏文化的传承、中国文字的认识等方面都起了巨大作用,这也是能够流传千百年的一个重要因素。
焦姓是中国人常见的姓氏,在姓氏排行榜中列第一百三十三位,主要分布在河南、阳北、山东。当今焦姓人口大约占是全国人口的0.1%,总人口大约有133万。
焦姓始祖焦伯,神农氏的后裔。焦氏的得姓早在周朝之时,迄今已有3000多年的历史,是华夏古老姓氏之一、也是南夷的大姓之一。周朝初年,周武王大肆分封诸侯,除分封有功之臣及王族外,还分封前代圣贤之后,经查访,他找到神农氏的嫡系后裔,就将其封于焦,建立焦国,因其为伯爵,故世称焦伯。春秋时,焦国被晋国所吞并,其后子孙即以故国为氏,称焦姓。他们尊焦伯为焦姓的得姓始祖。
一、姓氏意义与原始图腾
焦的本义是烤小鸟,即把小鸟烤黄之意思。
甲骨文、金文中焦字像火上烤着一只鸟,小篆的焦字上部变成三只鸟。烤麻雀之类小鸟时,稍不留神一烤就焦,所以焦字又引申为火烤后的焦枯状态,也用来泛指干枯、干燥之义。
焦人以火烧沼泽中芦苇草木,将不善飞的禽鸟之类烧死,以便采食。焦人以此为氏族的名称和图腾,并作为族徽,他们居住过的地方带有焦字,并以焦名山和水,建立的城堡称焦邑,最终出现焦国和焦姓。
二、姓氏起源与发展传承
焦姓来源主要有两支:姜姓和姬姓。
第一支源出姜姓。周武王封神农之后于焦,故地在今河南陕县。不久周灭之,因氏。其国人东迁于焦城,故地在今河南中牟西。至东周受郑国之迫,南迁焦邑,故地在今安徽毫县,春秋时为陈地。又被迫北迁鲁焦城,故地在今山东嘉祥青山东,春秋中叶焦国灭,地人鲁。其后子孙以国名为氏,姜姓焦氏的历史有3000年。
第二支出自姬姓。虞、虢、焦、滑皆姬姓国,后为晋所灭,子孙以国名为氏。一说,焦、谯原为同一姓,召康公爽辅佐周成王有功,其子孙封为谯侯,故地在今河南陕县,姜姓焦国故址,后为晋武公所灭,子孙以国名为氏,有谯、焦氏。姬姓焦氏的历史至少有2600年。
三、民族融合与基因融入
焦姓的组成比较复杂,外族血液大规模加人焦姓早在南北朝时已经开始,主要发生在西北和西南地区。
南朝时甘肃和四川一带氏人已经形成南安郡焦姓大族,随后在四川南部、云贵地区的南中夷四姓中有焦氏,成为叟族大姓。唐时吐蕃人、宋朝时宁夏地区的西夏党项族中有焦姓。清初满洲八旗姓觉佳氏后改为汉姓焦。
四、历史迁移与人口繁衍
先秦时期,焦姓活动于河南,山东地区,后向西、向南迁移。到汉晋时期,焦姓的血液已经多样化,与西南和西北的土著有密切关系,焦姓足迹已抵西南和西北。到唐宋时,焦姓已经分布于南方各地。
宋朝时期,焦姓大约有5万人,约占全国人口的0.07%,排在第一百五十位以后。主要集中于安徽、河南,山东、河北。
安徽为焦姓的第一大省,占焦姓总人口的39%。全国形成了以安徽为中心的焦姓分布区,明朝时期,焦姓大约有93000人,约占全国人口的0.1%,排在第一百四十九位。主要集中于陕西、江苏、山西,三省焦姓大约占焦姓总人口的55%;其次分布于山东,河南,河北、湖南。
陕西为焦姓第一大省,约古焦姓总人口的21%。宋元明期间,其人口的流动主要由中原向西北和向东南移动,全国形成了以西北陕晋,东南江苏为中心的两块焦姓人口聚集地。
五、当代分布与姓氏图谱
当代焦姓人口已达133万,大约占全国人口的0.1%,排在全国第一百三十三位。
自宋朝至今1000余年,焦姓人口的增加率呈上升的态势,这也反映了西南叟人和西北氏人焦姓人群汉化的速度。主要分布于河南、河北、山东三省,大约占焦姓总人口的42.6%;其次分布于山西、陕西、安徽、江苏、甘肃,这五省集中了焦姓总人口的26.9%。
河南占焦姓总人口的18.4%,为焦姓第一大省。全国形成了以河南为中心向外散布的焦姓人口分布特征。
六、郡望堂号与楹联家训
1、郡望堂号
焦姓的郡望有中山、广平、冯翊。焦姓以不苟为其堂号。
“不苟”堂号典出三国魏国焦光,焦光避乱居扬州焦山,在荒野河边结庐独居,过着以天地为栋宇,饥不苟食、寒不苟衣的生活,相传活了一百多岁。皇甫谧夸他是“羲皇以来第一人”。
2、宗祠楹联
朝廷三老;天地一庐。
书楼藏目;乐府志哀。
河图受秘;酒国惊筵。
秧溪为带,枫岭作屏,蔚矣仙源之秀;习武夺魁,修文称首,美裁世德之隆。
目前国内外的图书馆和其他单位正式公布收藏了焦姓族谱17部。
七、姓氏名人与宗族先贤
《中国人名大辞典》收入焦姓历代名人49名,占总名人数的0.11%,并列排在名人姓氏的第一百五十五位。
焦姓的著名文学家占中国历代文学家总数的0.04%,并列排在第二百一十八位;焦姓的著名医学家占中国历代医学家总数的0.08%,并列排在第一百六十位;焦姓的著名美术家占中国历代美术家总数的0.088%,并列排在第一百四十七位。
焦姓历代名人:西汉经学家焦延寿;唐朝与李白同称“饮中八仙”的焦遂;南朝刘宋朝侍中焦子章;明朝学者焦竑,画家焦白;清朝哲学家、数学家、戏曲理论家焦循,画家焦秉贞。
杨秀和,字晓阳,号畅春斋主,当代著名书法家、画家、文化学者。杨秀和先生同时还是中国书画院院士、中国国艺人民书画院院士、北京市楹联学会书画院理事、中国民俗摄影家协会理事、北京海图书画苑首席艺术顾问。还被授予“当代实力派书画家”、“德艺双馨书画家”、“传统书画传承人”等众多荣誉称号。杨秀和先生1955年生于北京,2021年被录入《中国名人辞典》。
杨秀和先生坚持六十年临池不辍,研究历代名家名作,习遍二王、欧、颜、柳、赵诸家精品,楷、行、隶、篆、草五体皆能,以隶书见长。经过长期努力和刻苦钻研,主攻秀气、隽永的汉隶,形成了自己独特的风格,独创枯枝体隶书,在书法学术方面享有盛誉。其国画以书入画,也有很高水平,功底深厚,属传统功力型书画家。
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迟曲科2948一个言字旁一个焦 -
能成策15781744646 ______ 谯 拼 音 qiáo 部 首 讠 笔 画 14 五 行 金 繁 体 谯 五 笔 YWYO 生词本 基本释义 详细释义 1.〔~楼〕古代城门上建的楼,可以瞭望.2.〔~~〕毛羽残敝.3.(谯) 相关组词 谯楼 谯诃 谯橹 谯呵 南谯 镌谯 谯门 谯怒 谯励 诃谯谯偯 谯止 谯鼓 城谯 更多
迟曲科2948言字旁加个者读什么姓 -
能成策15781744646 ______ 诸 [zhū ] 1. 众,许多:~位.~君.~侯. 2. “之于”或“之乎”的合音:投~渤海之尾. 3. 犹“之”:“能事~乎?”. 4. 犹“于”:“宋人事资章甫适~越”. 5. 语助,无实在意义:“日居月~,照临下土”. 6. 姓.
迟曲科2948言字旁加个焦字 -
能成策15781744646 ______ 谯qiáo城门上的望楼
迟曲科2948言字旁加个莫读音 -
能成策15781744646 ______ 言字旁加个莫是谟,谟是一个汉字词语,拼音是mó,释义为计谋、策略:~士(谋士),春秋战国以前的公文体制( 臣下为君主就国家大事进行谋划称之曰谟).详细释义:1. 计谋、策略 遂献宏谟 ——陆机《辩亡论下》周爰谘谟 ——《淮南子...
迟曲科2948言字旁加一个“爲”字念什麽?啥意思?貌似是一个繁体字,一般小字典搜不到.谁能告诉我? -
能成策15781744646 ______[答案] 譌同讹 拼音:é 墨子闲诂·经说下》:谓,句所谓,旧本“所”譌“非” 《墨经校释·校》:“若眼”旧作“若明”,涉第六条而譌耳.《山海经·西山经》:有鸟焉,其状如鹤,一足,赤文青质而白喙,名曰毕方,其鸣自叫也,见则其邑有譌火.《...
迟曲科2948言字旁加出读什么 -
能成策15781744646 ______ 诎 ,读音qū.形,形声.从言,出声.本义,言语钝拙.动词,通“屈”,弯曲 .在【核舟记】中诎通 [1] 屈,卧右膝.
迟曲科2948“言”字旁加个“音”念什么? -
能成策15781744646 ______[答案] 谙 ān (形声.从言,音声.本义:熟悉) 同本义 谙,悉也.――《说文》 江南好,风景旧曾谙.――白居易《忆江南》 协久在中朝,谙练旧事.――《晋书·刁协传》 故谙事识体者,善权轻重.――《晋书·刑法志》 未谙姑食性,先遣小姑尝.――王建《...
迟曲科2948言字旁加一个“是”,读什么?字典里查不到,麻烦标注拼音声调, -
能成策15781744646 ______[答案] 諟:读音shì dì. 读shì时: ◎ 諟正:同“是正”,订正,如“~文字.” 读dì时: ◎ 古同“谛”,审谛.
迟曲科2948“言”字旁边一个“者”字怎么读?这是一个姓,请问怎么发音? -
能成策15781744646 ______[答案] 繁体 诸 zhu 第一声
迟曲科2948禾字旁一个焦是什么字 -
能成策15781744646 ______ 穛 读音:[zhuō][bó] 部首:禾五笔:TWYO 释义:[zhuō]:1.早收的谷.2.小型谷类. [bó]:禾熟.