二极管常见的封装类型，DO-15、DO-27、SOD-323、SOD-723等，相信大家都很熟悉。
图源：百度百科
封装指的是安装半导体集成电路芯片用的外壳。对于电子元器件来说，封装是非常有必要的。
一方面，封装不仅起着安装、固定、密封、保护芯片及增强电热性能等方面的作用，而且还通过芯片上的接点用导线连接到封装外壳的引脚上，这些引脚又通过印刷电路板上的导线与其他器件相连接，从而实现内部芯片与外部电路的连接。因为芯片必须与外界隔离，以防止空气中的杂质对芯片电路的腐蚀而造成电气性能下降。
另一方面，按统一规格封装后的芯片，也更便于安装和运输。
细心的电子工程师会发现，电子元器件有着不同的封装类型，不同类的元器件外形虽然差不多，但内部结构及用途却大不同，譬如TO220封装的元件可能是三极管、可控硅、场效应管甚至是双二极管。TO-3封装的元器件有三极管，集成电路等。
今天我们就来盘点一下常见的二极管、三极管、MOS封装类型，下图含精确尺寸。
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