专题06 机械能守恒定律 能量守恒定律
目 录
01机械能转化及守恒的判断 2
考向一：机械能转化及守恒的判断 2
02 机械能守恒定律的应用 7
考向一：机械能的图像类问题 7
考向二：单个物体的机械能守恒 15
考向三：多个物体(系统)的机械能守恒 18
03能量转化及守恒定律的综合应用 20
考向一：能量转化及守恒定律的综合应用 20
考向四：涉及弹簧的能量问题 22
考向二：涉及板块、传送带的能量问题 33
01机械能转化及守恒的判断
考向一：机械能转化及守恒的判断
1．（2023·浙江·高考真题）一位游客正在体验蹦极，绑上蹦极专用的橡皮绳后从跳台纵身而下。游客从跳台下落直到最低点过程中（ ）
A．弹性势能减小 B．重力势能减小
C．机械能保持不变 D．绳一绷紧动能就开始减小
3．（2022·浙江·高考真题）神舟十三号飞船采用“快速返回技术”，在近地轨道上，返回舱脱离天和核心舱，在圆轨道环绕并择机返回地面。则（ ）
A．天和核心舱所处的圆轨道距地面高度越高，环绕速度越大
B．返回舱中的宇航员处于失重状态，不受地球的引力
C．质量不同的返回舱与天和核心舱可以在同一轨道运行
D．返回舱穿越大气层返回地面过程中，机械能守恒
5．（2021·浙江·高考真题）如图所示，同学们坐在相同的轮胎上，从倾角相同的平直雪道先后由同高度静止滑下，各轮胎与雪道间的动摩擦因数均相同，不计空气阻力。雪道上的同学们（ ）
A．沿雪道做匀速直线运动 B．下滑过程中机械能均守恒
C．前后间的距离随时间不断增大 D．所受重力沿雪道向下的分力相同
7．（2024·广东江门·统考模拟预测）蹦极是一项非常刺激的体育项目，而“反向蹦极”是一项比蹦极更加刺激的运动。如图所示，弹性轻绳上端固定在P点，下端固定在玩家的身上并向下拉长与固定在地面上的安全扣环相连。打开安全扣环后，玩家从c点开始由静止释放，像“火箭发射一般竖直向上运动”，上升到b点时速度最大，轻绳在a点为原长位置，玩家到达的最高点在P与a之间，不计空气阻力，下列说法正确的是（ ）
A．人在c到a运动过程中都做加速运动
B．人在c到b运动过程中做加速度减小的加速运动
C．在整个运动过程中，玩家的机械能守恒
D．人在b到最高点的运动过程中，玩家处于超重状态
8．（2024·广东惠州·统考二模）2023年10月3日，在杭州亚运会蹦床项目女子决赛中，中国选手朱雪莹夺冠，图为朱雪莹在东京奥运会上决赛时腾空后下落的照片，朱雪莹从刚接触床面到运动至最低点的过程中，下列说法正确的是（ ）
A．朱雪莹刚接触床面时速度最大
B．朱雪莹在该过程中始终处于失重状态
C．在该过程中朱雪莹的动能减少量等于弹性势能的增加量
D．在该过程中蹦床对朱雪莹一直做负功
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温闻霄1474机械能和动能有什么差别拜托啦!怎样区别它们 -
魏徐肥17577086601 ______[答案] 机械能包括动能和势能动能的定义:物体由于运动而具有的能量叫做动能.势能:势能分为重力势能和弹性势能.重力势能的定义:物体由于被举高而具有的能量叫做重力势能.(所有被举高的物体都能够做功,都具有重力势能)物体的...
温闻霄1474机械能和动能的区别和什么是生物质能? -
魏徐肥17577086601 ______[答案] 机械能是动能和势能的总称,也就是说动能是机械能的一部分. 生物质是指通过光合作用而形成的各种有机体,包括所有的动植物和微生物.而所谓生物质能,就是太阳能以化学能形式贮存在生物质中的能量形式,即以生物质为载体的能量.
温闻霄1474怎么样区别动能与机械能 -
魏徐肥17577086601 ______ 动能+势能=机械能 动能是机械能的一部分.
温闻霄1474动能和机械能一样吗 -
魏徐肥17577086601 ______[答案] 不一样 机械能包括动能和势能
温闻霄1474机械能和动能的概念,怎么区分这两种能?老是搞不清,希望指教. -
魏徐肥17577086601 ______ 物体由于运动而具有的能叫做动能,动能和势能统称为机械能.
温闻霄1474物理中 动能和机械能区别 -
魏徐肥17577086601 ______ 动能包括机械能,动能和势能之和为机械能,在计算时合外力做功用动能定理,在机械能守恒时(只有重力和弹力作功时机械能守恒),有公式1.初机械能=末机械能2曾加的能量=简少的能量(系统),不守恒,机械能的改变量=除重力和弹力之外力作功例:1物体从h高处下落,受阻力f,v=0,速度?机械能的改变量?mgh-fh=0-1/2mv2合外力做功简少的能量=fh____除重力和弹力之外力作功( ^_^ )/~~拜拜
温闻霄1474机械能于动能的区别
魏徐肥17577086601 ______ 机械能是动能与部分势能的总和,这里的势能分为重力势能和弹性势能.决定动能的是质量与速度;决定重力势能的是高度和质量;决定弹性势能的是劲度系数与形变量.动能与势能可相互转化.机械能只是动能与势能的和.机械能是表示物体运动状态与高度的物理量. 机械能守恒指:物体动能与势能的变化量相等,也就是动能的增加或减少等于势能的减少或增加.机械能与整个物体的机械运动情况有关. 关于机械能守恒有句很经典的话:只有重力做功机械能就守恒…… 所以,动能是机械能的真子集,是属于机械能的范围……
温闻霄1474机械能和动能的区别 -
魏徐肥17577086601 ______ 机械能=动能+势能
温闻霄1474机械能和动能有什么区别 -
魏徐肥17577086601 ______ 宏观上:机械能=动能+势能(物体能做功的能力),微观上就只称分子动能和分子势能(分子间作用力).
温闻霄1474机械能与动能有什么区别?
魏徐肥17577086601 ______ 机械能包括动能.机械能=动能+重力势能
