钢笔握笔姿势
苏轼小楷《养生论》
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苏轼小楷《养生论》拓本
苏轼小楷《养生论》拓本,出自万历31年董其昌编辑《戏满堂法帖》。绍圣二年四月八日书,苏轼时年60岁。
苏轼(1037-1101),北宋文学家、书画家。字子瞻,号东坡居士,眉山(今属于四川)人。他和他的父亲苏洵,弟弟苏辙以诗文称著于世,世称“三苏”。他的书法从“二王”,颜真卿,柳公权,褚遂良,徐浩,李北海,杨凝式各家吸取营养,在继承传统的基础上努力革新。他讲自己书法时说:“作字之法,识浅见狭学不足,三者终不能尽妙,我则心目手俱得之矣。”他讲他的书法艺术创作过程时说:“我书意造本无法,点画信手烦推求。”他重在写“意”,寄情于“信手”所书之点画。他在对书法艺术深刻理解的基础上用传统技法去进行书法艺术创造,在书法艺术创造中去丰富和发展传统技法,不是简单机械的去模古。
苏轼早年学“二王”,中年以后学颜真卿、杨凝式,晚年又学李北海,又广泛涉猎晋唐其他书家,形成深厚朴茂的风格。他的书法,用笔多取侧势,结体扁平稍肥。这与他握笔的姿势也很有关系,苏轼执笔为“侧卧笔”,即毛笔侧卧于虎口之间,类似于现在握钢笔的姿势,故其字右斜,扁肥。
黄庭坚将苏轼书法分为早、中、晚三个时期:早年姿媚、中年圆劲、晚年沉著。早期代表作为《治平帖》,笔触精到,字态妩媚。中年代表作为《黄州寒食诗帖》。此诗帖系元丰五年(1082)苏轼因为乌台诗案遭贬黄州时所写诗两首。诗句沉郁苍凉又不失旷达,书法用笔、墨色也随着诗句语境的变化而变化,跌宕起伏,气势不凡而又一气呵成,达到“心手相畅”的几近完美的境界。所以元朝鲜于枢把它称为继王羲之《兰亭序》、颜真卿《祭侄稿》之后的“天下第三行书”。晚年代表作有行书《洞庭春色赋》、《中山松醪赋》等,此二赋以古雅胜,姿态百出而结构紧密,集中反映了苏轼书法“结体短肥”的特点。其最晚的墨迹当是《与谢民师论文帖》(1100年)。
其代表作有《天际乌云帖》、《洞庭春色赋》、《中山松醪赋》、《寒食诗》、《醉翁亭记》等。苏轼的书法,后人赞誉颇高。最有发言权的莫过于黄庭坚,他在《山谷集》里说,“本朝善书者,自当推(苏)为第一”。
《养生论》原文:
世或有谓神仙,可以学得不死,可以力致者,或云上寿百二十。古今所同,过此以往,莫非妖妄者?此皆两失,其情试粗论之。
夫神仙虽不目见,(然)记籍所载,前史所传,较而论之其有必矣。似特受异气禀之自然,非积学所能致也。至于道养,得理以尽性命,上获千余岁,下可数百年,可有之耳。而世皆不精,故莫能得之,何以言之?
夫服药求汗,或有弗获。而愧情一集,涣然流离,终朝未餐,则嚣然思食,而曾子衔哀七日不(饥)。夜分而坐,则低迷思寝;内怀殷忧;则达旦不瞑,劲刷理鬓,醇醴发颜,仅乃得之。壮士之(怒),赫然殊观,植发冲冠。由此言之,精神之于形骸,犹国之有君也。神躁于中而形丧于外,犹君昏于上、国乱于下也。夫为稼于汤,世偏有一溉之功者。虽终归于焦烂,必一溉者后枯然,则一溉之益,固不可诬也。而世常谓一怒不足以侵性,一哀不足以伤身,轻而肆之是犹不识,一溉之益,而望嘉谷子于旱苗者也。是以君子知形,恃神以立神,须形以存,悟生理之易,失知一过害生,故修性以保神安。心以全身,爱憎不栖,于情忧喜,不留于意,泊然无感,而体气和平,又呼吸吐纳,服食养身使形神相亲,表里俱济也。
夫田种者,一亩十一斛,谓之良田,此天下通称也。不知区种,可百余斛,田种一也。至于树养不同,则功妆相悬。谓商无十倍之价,农无百斛之望,此守常而不变者也。目豆令人重,榆令人瞑;合欢触忿,萱草忘忧,愚智所其知也。薰辛害目,豚鱼不养,常世所识也。虱处头而黑,麝食柏而香,颈处险而瘿,齿居晋而黄。推此而言,凡所食之气,蒸性染身,莫不相应。岂唯蒸之使重而无使轻害之,使暗而无使明薰之,使黄而无使坚劳之,使香而无使延哉!故神农曰:“上药养命,中药养性者,诚知性命之理因辅养以通也。”而世人不察,唯五谷是见声色,是耽目惑元黄耳。务淫哇滋味,煎其府藏醴醪,煮其肠胃。香芳腐其骨髓,喜怒悖其正气,思虑消其精神,哀乐殃其平粹。夫以蕞尔之躯攻之者,非一途易竭之身而外内受敌。身非木石,其能久乎?其自用甚者,饮食不节,以生百病;好色不倦,以至乏绝。风寒所灾,百毒所伤,中道夭于众难,世皆知笑悼,谓之不善持生也。至于措身失理,亡之于微,积微成损,积损成衰,从衰得白,从白得老,从老得终。闷若无端,中智以下,谓之自然。纵少觉悟,咸叹恨于所遇之初,而不知慎众险于未兆,是犹桓侯抱将死之疾而怒扁鹊之先见,以觉痛之日(而)为受病之始也。害成于微而救之于著,故有无功之理驰骋常人之域,故有一切之寿。仰观俯察,莫不皆然。以多自证,以同自慰,谓天地之理,尽此而已矣。纵闻养生之事,则断以所见,谓之不然。其次,孤疑虽少,庶几莫知所由。其次,自力服药半年一年,劳而未验,老以厌衰,中路复废。或益之以畎浍,而泄之以尾闾。而欲坐望显报者,或抑情忍欲,割弃荣愿,而嗜好常在耳目之前,所希在数十年之后,又恐两失,内怀犹豫,心战于内物,诱于外交,胜相倾如此复败者。夫至物微妙可以理知,难以目识,譬犹豫章生七年,然后可觉耳。今以躁竞之心,涉希静之途,意速而事迟,望近而应远,故莫能相终。
夫悠悠者,既未效不求。而求者,以不专丧。业偏恃者,以不兼元功。追术者,以小道自溺。凡若此类,故欲之者,万无一能成也。善养生者,则不然矣!
清虚静泰,少私寡欲,知名位之伤德。故忽而不营,非欲而疆禁也。识厚味之害性,故弃而弗顾,非贪而后抑也。外物以累心,不存神气,以醇泊独著,旷然无忧患,寂然无思虑。又守之以一,养之以和。和理日济同乎。大顺然后,蒸以灵芝,润以醴泉,希以朝阳,绥以五绮,无为自得,体妙心元,忘欢而后乐足,遗生而后身存。若此以往,庶可舆羡门比寿、五乔争年,何为其无有哉!
东坡居士以桑榆之末景,忧患之余生,而后学道,虽为达者所笑,然犹贤乎已也。以嵇叔夜《养生论》颇中予病,故乎写数本,其一以赠罗浮邓道师。绍圣二年四月八日书。
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温非凡3234请问钢笔握笔姿势应该怎么握?我最近在纠正但是老是纠正不了啊 -
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